[求助]xdf-37-1

FindNeverland

Passage 37

     Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of
  manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile
  industry. Some observers of Japan have assumed that
  Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipment
(5) and techniques as United States firms but have bene-
  fited from the unique characteristics of Japanese
  employees and the Japanese culture. However, if this
  were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants
  in the United States to perform no better than factories
(10) run by United States companies. This is not the case,
  Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United
  States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated
  higher levels of productivity when compared with facto-
  ries owned by United States companies.
(15)  Other observers link high Japanese productivity to
  higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a
  historical perspective leads to a different conclusion.
  When the two top Japanese automobile makers
  matched and then doubled United States productivity
(20) levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per
   employee was comparable to that of United States
   firms. Furthermore, by the late seventies, the amount of
   fixed assets required to produce one vehicle was
   roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States.
(25) Since capital investment was not higher in Japan, it had
   to be other factors that led to higher productivity.
     A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese
   production techniques. Japanese automobile producers
   did not simply implement conventional processes more
(30) effectively: they made critical changes in United States
   procedures. For instance, the mass-production philos-
   ophy of United States automakers encouraged the
   production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully
   expensive, component-specific equipment and to
(35) occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute
   one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to
   make small-lot production feasible by introducing
   several departures from United States practices,
   including the use of flexible equipment that could be
(40) altered easily to do several different production tasks
   and the training of workers in multiple jobs.
   Automakers could schedule the production of different
   components or models on single machines, thereby
   eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra
(45) components that result when specialized equipment
   and workers are kept constantly active.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to bd
  (A) present the major steps of a process
  (B) clarify an ambiguity
  (C) chronicle a dispute
  (D) correct misconceptions
  (E) defend an accepted approach
答案是d我可以理解,但要如何和b區分呢?b看起來也很好,多謝

zhangfan90

原文有ambiguity吗？

Sunfisher006

作者认为其他的解释是错误，而不是ambiguty.ambiguty和错误不是一回事吧。

justabeginning

Passage    37

                    Japanese    firms    have    achieved    the    highest    levels    of
        manufacturing    efficiency    in    the    world    automobile
        industry.    Some    observers    of    Japan    have    assumed    that
        Japanese    firms    use    the    same    manufacturing    equipment
(5)    and    techniques    as    United    States    firms    but    have    bene-
        fited    from    the    unique    characteristics    of    Japanese
        employees    and    the    Japanese    culture.    However,    if    this
        were    true,    then    one    would    expect    Japanese    auto    plants
        in    the    United    States    to    perform    no    better    than    factories
(10)    run    by    United    States    companies.    This    is    not    the    case,
        Japanese-run    automobile    plants    located    in    the    United
        States    and    staffed    by    local    workers    have    demonstrated
        higher    levels    of    productivity    when    compared    with    facto-
        ries    owned    by    United    States    companies.
(15)        Other    observers    link    high    Japanese    productivity    to
        higher    levels    of    capital    investment    per    worker.    But    a
        historical    perspective    leads    to    a    different    conclusion.
        When    the    two    top    Japanese    automobile    makers
        matched    and    then    doubled    United    States    productivity
(20)    levels    in    the    mid-sixties,    capital    investment    per
            employee    was    comparable    to    that    of    United    States
            firms.    Furthermore,    by    the    late    seventies,    the    amount    of
            fixed    assets    required    to    produce    one    vehicle    was
            roughly    equivalent    in    Japan    and    in    the    United    States.
(25)    Since    capital    investment    was    not    higher    in    Japan,    it    had
            to    be    other    factors    that    led    to    higher    productivity.
                    A    more    fruitful    explanation    may    lie    with    Japanese
            production    techniques.    Japanese    automobile    producers
            did    not    simply    implement    conventional    processes    more
(30)    effectively:    they    made    critical    changes    in    United    States
            procedures.    For    instance,    the    mass-production    philos-
            ophy    of    United    States    automakers    encouraged    the
            production    of    huge    lots    of    cars    in    order    to    utilize    fully
            expensive,    component-specific    equipment    and    to
(35)    occupy    fully    workers    who    have    been    trained    to    execute
            one    operation    efficiently.    Japanese    automakers    chose    to
            make    small-lot    production    feasible    by    introducing
            several    departures    from    United    States    practices,
            including    the    use    of    flexible    equipment    that    could    be
(40)    altered    easily    to    do    several    different    production    tasks
            and    the    training    of    workers    in    multiple    jobs.
            Automakers    could    schedule    the    production    of    different
            components    or    models    on    single    machines,    thereby
            eliminating    the    need    to    store    the    buffer    stocks    of    extra
(45)    components    that    result    when    specialized    equipment   
            and    workers    are    kept    constantly    active.

1.    The    primary    purpose    of    the    passage    is    to    bd
        (A)    present    the    major    steps    of    a    process
        (B)    clarify    an    ambiguity
        (C)    chronicle    a    dispute
        (D)    correct    misconceptions
        (E)    defend    an    accepted    approach
答案是d我可以理解,但要如何和b區分呢?b看起來也很好,多謝

认为本文是典型的经济现象解释型.


老解释1,2都不对...


ambiguity是含糊话的意思.而且从我加黑的地方看,明显是不只一个misconception,d就是最好的选择了.b肯定不对...

zhangfan90

所言极是！我还没看那么仔细，misconception还是复述的！我当时选时觉得没有ambiguity就叉了B

julia_juer

第三题我也不太明白，答案a是怎么得出的？
3. Which of the following statements concerning theproductivity levels of automakers can be inferred fromthe passage?
(A) Prior to the 1960's, the productivity levels of the topJapanese automakers were exceeded by those ofUnited States automakers.
(B) The culture of a country has a large effect on theproductivity levels of its automakers.
(C) During the late 1970's and early 1980's,productivity levels were comparable in Japan andthe United States.
(D) The greater the number of cars that are produced ina single lot, the higher a plant's productivity level.
(E) The amount of capital investment made byautomobile manufacturers in their factoriesdetermines the level of productivity.

monkeyjjl

3题，这个地方取非
Other observers link high Japanese productivity to
  higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a
  historical perspective leads to a different conclusion.
  When the two top Japanese automobile makers
  matched and then doubled United States productivity
(20) levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per
   employee was comparable to that of United States
   firms.

Gracespa

When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled United States productivity levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per employee was comparable to that of United States firms.
定位点在上句，这句话说了两个事情，第一，在60年代中期，Jap先赶上(matched)然后翻倍了(doubled)US的productivity，由此可以推断出在60年代中期以前，Jap的productivity是落后于US的
第二，capital investment per employee在Jap和US是相等的