GMAT作文—— AA arguement模板

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1、开头：

（1）手段目的类

In response to a coincidence between A and B, the author/argument recommends…

The recommendation endorsed in this argument is that…

In an attempt to…, … claims/suggest that…

（2）一般论述类

The author draws the conclusion of… on the basis of…

In this argument, the author puts forward the conclusion that….

（3）调查类

This argument is solely based on the survey of…, which is inadequate to draw a conclusion that…

In this argument, the author makes a few doubtful assumptions that lead to a premature conclusion that…

The conclusion is seriously in flaw in the following … aspects.

For a couple of reasons, the argument is not sound/convincing

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2、无因果联系：

The author concludes that B was responsible for A merely because A occurred after B. Without a thorough survey of the relationship between A and B, this conclusion could be doubtful. The coincidence/correlation between A and B cannot establish a causal relationship suggesting that A results in B. Some other reasons that can explain the occurrence of A may exist simultaneously, such as…..Thus, to accomplish a sound conclusion, the author has to consider more factors involved in the situation.

Wrong Direction: the direction between cause and effect is reversed

3、二者择一
In the argument above, A and B are assumed to be mutually exclusive. However, no evidence proves that A and B cannot be jointed together to make a better choice.


4、错误类比：模板后面要跟具体论述，举例

The argument puts forward a faulty/falsely analogy between… and…. However analogies drawn between the two situations are highly suspect because differences between A and B obviously outweigh the similarities, therefore making the analogy much less valid. For instance, in A, …, while in B, …

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5、时地全等:

The author argues that ….. However this claim actually falls into a serious flaw because The success … of the past does not guarantee the applicability in the future.. The author assumes without justification that the conditions have remained the same at different times/locations. Therefore, it is unsound to declare/claim/conclude that…

Is… the only difference relevant to…?
6、可疑调查

The author does not clarify the information of the poll such as who was studied in the survey, and how the survey was conducted. Lacking information will make it impossible to access a valid results and assertion. To reach a reasonable conclusion, key information about the survey/poll /research should be provided and analyzed.

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7、样本不足

The statistics/evidence A from only a few recent years/samples is not necessarily a good indicator of…. The sample is too small/not representative enough to support such a hasty generalization. The author should either show that A1 is representative of all A or provide more samples to strengthen/defend/justify the conclusion.

8、结论无据
The conclusion depends on an arbitrary assumption that… However no further evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption.

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9、最后总结

In sum, the conclusion about… cannot be reasonably drawn form the information in the argument. The survey’s accuracy and efficiency are not adequate in explaining the phenomenon.
To make the argument logically acceptable, the author may…

In conclusion, the author’s reasoning is somewhat persuasive.

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10、其他错误
Appeal to Pity: the reader is persuaded to agree by sympathy  以同情获取支持和说服力

Popularity: a proposition is argued to be true because it is widely held to be true  认为大众观点一定对

Attacking the Person:    人身攻击
(1) the person's character is attacked
(2) the person's circumstances are noted
(3) the person does not practise what is preached

Accident: a generalization is applied when circumstances suggest that there should be an exception
提出了一个generalization但是忽略例外

Illicit Major: the predicate of the conclusion talks about all of something, but the premises only mention some cases of the term in the predicate

Illicit Minor: the subject of the conclusion talks about all of something, but the premises only mention some cases of the term in the subject
以偏概全，前提是个案而结论是对全体的


Failure to Elucidate（说明） (The definition is more difficult to understand than the word or
concept being defined)
阐述不佳

Circular Definition (The definition includes the term being defined as a part of the definition)
循环定义

samuelxie

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ybava018919

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cherry_rui

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xianmengyao

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