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[求助]如何判断with引导限定性修饰还是介词短语

读了一些精华贴子, 关于with的总结, 有些问题想问:

OG141. Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same, all patients receiving hearts or other organs must take antirejection drugs for the rest of their lives.

(A) Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same

(B) Besides transplants involving identical twins with the same genetic endowment

(C) Unless the transplant involves identical twins who have the same genetic endowment

(D) Aside from a transplant between identical twins with the same genetic endowment(C)

(E) Other than transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same

这里的with作为你一个限制性修饰, 修饰twins

OG212. The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.

(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving

(B) aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve

(C) aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving

(D) the aim of which is the decreasing of operating costs and improving(A)

(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve

而这里的with却作为介词短语, 所以有歧义: 不知修饰前面的policy还是修饰主句的谓语.

我的问题是这两个with都放在句末, 都跟的是名词, 为何一个被看成是限定性修饰, 修饰紧跟前面的名词, 而另一个却有歧义?

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首先,E最主要的错误OG上说的明白,不是with短语的问题。(提示了ETS的考核重心还是意思)

其次,这样钻研语法可能有帮助,但是背离了ETS的指导原则:逻辑为先。我曾经和你一样花费时间纠缠语法,但是等阅读能力提高之后,发现以前总结那么多语法套路根本有些浪费。ETS本就无太多套路可言,就是逻辑意思为先

最后,回答这个疑问

第一个题目,with短语前面有两个名词,单纯的结构上看,一个是transplant,一个是twins,with短语可修饰transplant也可以修饰twins,但是根据逻辑意思,只可能是twins才能有相同基因,所以修饰twins

第二个题目,with短语前面也有两个名词:company和policy,每个都可以成为with短语的修饰对象,所以可能存在一些毛病(注意ETS的表达with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufacturing Company )

至于总结问题:到底什么时候修饰名词,什么时候作状语

我的一点个人意见:对于ETS千万别总结那么多条条框框,完成按照逻辑意思来解题目,我们的目的是解题

比如第2个题目的E选项,你按照英文逐字翻译为中文,你马上就能读出来with短语引起的歧义

你尝试用同样的办法去体会ETS的SC,ETS真的不是在考语法,考也就考最粗浅的语法知识。

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