草莓圣代

32. GWD-23-Q10[D]
When trying to identify new technologies that promise to transform the marketplace, market researchers survey the managers of those companies that are developing new technologies. Such managers have an enormous stake in succeeding, so they invariably overstate the potential of their new technologies. Surprisingly, however, market researchers typically do not survey a new technology’s potential buyers, even though it is the buyers-not the producers-who will ultimately determine a technology’s commercial success.
Which of the following, if true, best accounts for the typical survey practices among market researchers?
A. If a new technology succeeds, the commercial benefits accrue largely to the producers, not to the buyers, of that technology.
B. People who promote the virtues of a new technology typically fail to consider that the old technology that is currently in use continues to be improved, often substantially.
C. Investors are unlikely to invest substantial amounts of capital in a company whose own managers are skeptical about the commercial prospects of a new technology they are developing.
D. The potential buyers for not-yet-available technologies can seldom be reliably identified.
E. The developers of a new technology are generally no better positioned than its potential buyers to gauge how rapidly the new technology can be efficiently mass-produced.
36. GWD25-Q36[B]
The chemical adenosine is released by brain cells when those cells are active. Adenosine then binds to more and more sites on cells in certain areas of the brain, as the total amount released gradually increases during wakefulness. During sleep, the number of sites to which adenosine is bound decreases. Some researchers have hypothesized that it is the cumulative binding of adenosine to a large number of sites that causes the onset of sleep.
Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the researchers’ hypothesis?
A.        Even after long periods of sleep when adenosine is at its lowest concentration in the brain, the number of brain cells bound with adenosine remains very large.
B.        Caffeine, which has the effect of making people remain wakeful, is known to interfere with the binding of adenosine to sites on brain cells.
C.        Besides binding to sites in the brain, adenosine is known to be involved in biochemical reactions throughout the body.
D.        Some areas of the brain that are relatively inactive nonetheless release some adenosine.
E.        Stress resulting from a dangerous situation can preserve wakefulness even when brain levels of bound adenosine are high.

草莓圣代

14. GWD30-Q14:
Background information:  This year, each film submitted to the Barbizon Film Festival was submitted in one of ten categories.  For each category, there was a panel that decided which submitted films to accept.
Fact 1:  Within each category, the rate of acceptance for domestic films was the same as that for foreign films.
Fact 2:  The overall rate of acceptance of domestic films was significantly higher than that of foreign films.
In light of the background information, which of the following, if true, can account for fact 1 and fact 2 both being true of the submissions to this year’s Barbizon Film Festival?[240’]
A.        In each category, the selection panel was composed of filmmakers, and some selection panels included no foreign filmmakers.
B.        Significantly more domestic films than foreign films were submitted to the festival.
C.        In each of the past three years, the overall acceptance rate was higher for foreign than for domestic films, an outcome that had upset some domestic filmmakers.
D.        The number of films to be selected in each category was predetermined, but in no category was it required that the acceptance rate of foreign films should equal that of domestic films.
E.        Most foreign films, unlike most domestic films, were submitted in categories with high prestige, but with correspondingly low rates of acceptance.[加强系数 不一样]
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15. GWD-29-Q40:TN21--GWD31-Q10
The Hyksos invaded the Nile Delta of Egypt and ruled it from 1650 B.C. Their origin is uncertain, but archaeologists hypothesize that they were Canaanites. In support of this hypothesis, the archaeologists point out that excavations of Avans, the Hyksos capital in Egypt, have uncovered large numbers of artifacts virtually identical to artifacts produced in Ashkelon, and Ashkelon was a major city of Canaan at the time of the Hyksos’ invasion.[因果解释型--是否他因解释//因果颠倒；是否 他因素决定是否能解释；是否类比成立]
In order to evaluate the force of the archaeologists’ evidence, it would useful to determine which of the following?
A.        Whether artifacts from Ashkelon were widely traded to non-Canaanite cities?
B.        Whether significant numbers of artifacts that do not resemble artifacts produced in Ashkelon have been found at Avans?
C.        Whether Avans was the nearest Hyksos city in Egypt to Canaan?
D.        Whether Ashkelon after 1550 B.C. continued to produce artifacts similar to those found at Avans?
E.        Whether any artifacts produced by the Hyksos after 1550 B.C .have been found in Egypt

草莓圣代

26. GWD30-Q26:[PREP2-115]
In countries where automobile insurance includes compensation for whiplash injuries sustained in automobile accidents, reports of having suffered such injuries are twice as frequent as they are in countries where whiplash is not covered.  Some commentators have argued, correctly, that since there is presently no objective test for whiplash, spurious reports of whiplash injuries cannot be readily identified.  These commentators are, however, wrong to draw the further conclusion that in the countries with the higher rates of reported whiplash injuries, half of the reported cases are spurious:  clearly, in countries where automobile insurance does not include compensation for whiplash, people often have little incentive to report whiplash injuries that they actually have suffered.
事实/现象。A得出X结论/解释。B反对X结论/解释. 但不能说B反对了 事实/现象的 成立与否。
只能说 the implication/explantion of事实/现象 is at issue. 也可以说 事实/现象 support X结论。
since/because+证据，A得出X结论/解释。B反对X结论/解释. B有可能 反对证据 从而反对结论；也有可能 直接反对结论。
注意 是否是Intermediate conclution.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first is a finding whose accuracy is evaluated in the argument; the second is an intermediate conclusion drawn to support the judgment reached by the argument on the accuracy of that finding.
B. The first is a finding whose accuracy is evaluated in the argument; the second is evidence that has been used to challenge the accuracy of that finding.
C. The first is a finding whose implications are at issue in the argument; the second is an intermediate conclusion that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument criticizes.
D. The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second is a narrower claim that the argument accepts.
E. The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument accepts; the second is that conclusion.

草莓圣代

28. GWD30-Q28:
In countries where automobile insurance includes compensation for whiplash injuries sustained in automobile accidents, reports of having suffered such injuries are twice as frequent as they are in countries where whiplash is not covered.  Presently, no objective test for whiplash exists, so it is true that spurious reports of whiplash injuries cannot be readily identified.  Nevertheless, these facts do not warrant a conclusion that has been drawn by some commentators:  that in the countries with the higher rates of reported whiplash injuries, half of the reported cases are spurious.  Clearly, in countries where automobile insurance does not include compensation for whiplash, people often have little incentive to report whiplash injuries that they actually have suffered.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second is a conclusion that has been based on that claim.
B. The first is claim that has been used to support a position that the argument accepts; the second is a position that the argument rejects.
C. The first is a finding whose accuracy is evaluated in the argument; the second is the judgment reached by the argument concerning the accuracy of the finding.
D. The first is a finding whose implications are at issue in the argument; the second is the judgment reached by the argument concerning one alleged implication.
E. The first is a finding, the explanation of which is at issue in the argument; the second is an objection that has been raised against the explanation that the argument defends.

草莓圣代

27. GWD30-Q27:[因果差异比较+措施达目的]
Personnel officer:  The exorbitant cost of our health-insurance benefits reflects the high dollar amount of medical expenses incurred by our employees.  Employees who are out of shape, as a group, have higher doctor bills and longer hospital stays than do their colleagues who are fit.  Therefore, since we must reduce our health-insurance costs, we should offer a rigorous fitness program of jogging and weight lifting to all employees, and require employees who are out of shape to participate.
[ insurance benefits<-- medical expenses; more medical expenses <--out of shage; 措施能否让人fit; 措施是否有反向作用]
The conclusion reached by the personnel officer depends on which of the following assumptions?
A. A person who is fit would receive a routine physical checkup by a doctor less regularly than would a person who is out of shape.[非原因成立必要]
B. The medical expenses incurred by employees who are required to participate in the fitness program would be less than those incurred by employees who are not required to participate.[无关比较]
C. The strenuous activities required of out-of-shape employees by the program would not by themselves generate medical expenses greater than any reduction achieved by the program.[没有负面效果]
D. The fitness program would serve more employees who are out of shape than it would employees who are fit.[无关]
E. The employees who participate in the fitness program would be away from work because of illness less than would the employees who do not participate.[无]

32. GWD30-Q32:TN--19. GWD31-19
Sonya: The government of Copeland is raising the cigarette tax. Copeland’s cigarette prices will still be reasonably low, so cigarette consumption will probably not be affected much. Consequently, government revenue from the tax will increase.
Raoul: True, smoking is unlikely to decrease, because Copeland’s cigarette prices will still not be high. They will, however, no longer be the lowest in the region, so we might begin to see substantial illegal sales of smuggled cigarettes in Copeland.
Raoul responds to Sonya’s argument by doing which of the following?
A.        Questioning the support for Sonya’s conclusion by distinguishing carefully between no change and no decrease[无]
B.        calling Sonya’s conclusion into question by pointing to a possible effect of a certain change.
C.        Arguing that Sonya’s conclusion would be better supported if Sonya could cite a precedent for what she predicts will happen.
D.        showing that a cause that Sonya claims will be producing a certain effect is not the only cause that could produce that effect[因果解释--他因解释]
E.        pointing out that a certain initiative is not bold enough to have the predicts it will have[无]

草莓圣代

40. GWD30-Q40:
Investment banks often have conflicting roles.  They sometimes act for a client company by raising capital from other investment institutions as advantageously as possible, but their analysts also sometimes send unfavorable reports on the financial health of companies for whom they are raising capital to other clients who wish to make investments.  Analyses of companies’ financial health need to be unbiased if an investment bank is to achieve long-term success.
If the statements above are true, which of the following practices, if adopted by an investment bank, would hinder its long-term success?
A.        Evaluating and rewarding the bank’s analysts on the basis of recommendations made by managers who are solely engaged in raising capital for clients
B.        Using reports by the investment bank’s analysts to determine how best to raise capital for a client
C.        Sharing the task of raising capital for a client with other investment banks
D.        Ensuring that conflicts between analysts and those who raise capital for clients are carefully mediated and resolved by impartial arbitrators
E.        Monitoring the success or failure of analysts’ current predictions about how companies will perform financially, in order to determine the value of future predictions

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