GMAT逻辑复习资料-逻辑大全分类-Complete

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大全-20-16.        Which of the following, if true, is the most logical completion of the argument below?
The tax system of the Republic of Grootland encourages borrowing by granting its taxpayers tax relief for interest paid on loans. The system also discourages saving by taxing any interest earned on savings. Nevertheless, it is clear that Grootland’s tax system does not consistently favor borrowing over saving, for if it did, there would be no______
原文：税收系统鼓励借款/贷款by a tax relief，惩罚存款 by a tax on saving。但是税收系统也不是对借贷的支持程度始终超过存款，否则的话，税收系统就应该对taxpayer’s total savings给予tax relief, 而并非仅对 those portions of a taxpayer’s income这一部分。
原文意思：某地方通过减少借款利息的税收这种方式去鼓励借款，用存款利息征税的方式压制存款。但是，该地方实际是税收系统一贯支持存款多与支持借款。因为如果不是这样（即如果支持借款多），则。。。（答案应该是支持BORROWING多点，支持SAVING少点）。
又是双重否定，又是虚拟语气。太绕。很容易将人套进去。B正好相反。B是少支持BORROWING（BORROWING处理费应该无减免税）。A是少支持SAVING（拿去存款的那部分收入应该无减免税）。答案要少支持SAVING，即A。
(A) tax relief in Grootland for those portions of a taxpayer’s income, if any, that are set aside to increase that taxpayer’s total savings
A选项的 those portions有三个修饰成分， of a taxpayer’s income, if any（插入语）, 和that 定语从句。if any的意思为：如果收入中有部分拿去增加总存款的话（即收入中有拿一部分去存款的话）。所以A选项的意思（包括原文的no）：纳税人的收入中拿去增加银行存款的那部分钱应该没有减免税。
G的税收减免针对那部分纳税者收入，这部分收入如果不借贷也会去增加其存款，所以，要么借贷，利息A被减免；要么存款，得到收益B被征税；A＝B；所以没有偏爱
(B) tax relief in Grootland for the processing fees that taxpayers pay to lending institutions when obtaining certain kinds of loans
(C) tax relief in Grootland for interest that taxpayers are charged on the unpaid balance in credit card accounts
(D) taxes due in Grootland on the cash value of gifts received by taxpayers from banks trying to encourage people to open savings accounts(A)
(E) taxes due in Grootland on the amount that a taxpayer has invested in interest-bearing savings accounts

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大全-18-6 Which of the following best completes the passage below?
“Government” does not exist as an independent entity defining policy. Instead there exists a group of democratically elected pragmatists sensitive to the electorate, who establish policies that will result in their own reelection. Therefore, if public policy is hostile to, say, environmental concerns, it is not because of governmental perversity but because elected officials believe that______
结论：政策对环境不利不是因为政府，而是因为：多数选民没有异议！
democratically elected: 民主选举的
electorate: 全体选民
hostile to: strongly rejecting or opposed to坚决否定，强烈反对
perversity: wrong-headedness, contradictoriness固执
idiosyncratic: =peculiar, eccentric, rather unusual
原文的意思是说，那班officer都是些实用主义者，对voters意见很sensitive的，而E则说明了如果换POLICY，那么VOTERS会不高兴，就不会继续选那些OFFICERS了，亦就是顺着voters的意思来制定policy.
(A) environmentalists would be extremely difficult to satisfy with any policy, however environmentally sound
(B) environmental concerns are being accommodated as well as public funds permit
(C) the public is overly anxious about environmental deterioration
(D) the majority of voters vote for certain politicians because of those politicians’ idiosyncratic positions on policy issues(E)
(E) the majority of voters do not strongly wish for a different policy

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大全-11-4.        Which of the following best completes the argument below?
One effect of the introduction of the electric refrigerator was a collapse in the market for ice. Formerly householders had bought ice to keep their iceboxes cool and the food stored in the iceboxes fresh. Now the iceboxes cool themselves. Similarly, the introduction of crops genetically engineered to be resistant to pests will______
(A) increase the size of crop harvests
(B) increase the cost of seeds
(C) reduce demand for chemical pesticides
(D) reduce the value of farmland
(E) reduce the number of farmers keeping livestock

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大全-11-7.        Which of the following best completes the passage below?
The unemployment rate in the United States fell from 7.5 percent in 1981 to 6.9 percent in 1986. It cannot, however, be properly concluded from these statistics that the number of unemployed in 1986 was lower than it had been in 1981 because______
(A) help-wanted advertisements increased between 1981 and 1986
(B) many of the high-paying industrial jobs available in 1981 were replaced by low-wage service jobs in 1986, resulting in displacements of hundreds of thousands of workers
(C) in some midwestern industrial states, the unemployment rate was much higher in 1986 than it had been in 1981
(D) the total available work force, including those with and without employment, increased between 1981 and 1986
(E) the average time that employees stay in any one job dropped during the period 1981 to 1986

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大全-11-14.        Which of the following, if true, best completes the argument below?
Comparisons of the average standards of living of the citizens of two countries should reflect the citizens’ comparative access to goods and services. Reliable figures in a country’s own currency for the average income of its citizens are easily obtained. But it is difficult to get an accurate comparison of average standards of living from these figures, because______
(A) there are usually no figures comparing how much of two different currencies must be spent in order to purchase a given quantity of goods and services
(B) wage levels for the same job vary greatly from country to country, depending on cultural as well as on purely economic factors
(C) these figures must be calculated by dividing the gross national product of a country by the size of its population
(D) comparative access to goods and services is only one of several factors relevant in determining quality of life
(E) the wealth, and hence the standard of living, of a country’s citizens is very closely related to their income

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大全-3-4.        Which of the following best completes the passage below?
Sales campaigns aimed at the faltering(衰退) personal computer market have strongly emphasized ease of use, called user-friendliness. This emphasis is oddly premature and irrelevant in the eyes of most potential buyers, who are trying to address the logically prior issue of whether______
(A) user-friendliness also implies that owners can service their own computers
(B) personal computers cost more the more user-friendly they are
(C) currently available models are user-friendly enough to suit them
(D) the people promoting personal computers use them in their own homes
(E) they have enough sensible uses for a personal computer to justify the expense of buying one

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大全-2-9.        Which of the following best completes the passage below?
The computer industry’s estimate that it loses millions of dollars when users illegally copy programs without paying for them is greatly exaggerated. Most of the illegal copying is done by people with no serious interest in the programs. Thus, the loss to the industry is much smaller than estimated because______
大部分非法复制都是对这些程序不感兴趣的人所为，隐含的意思是：如果这些人自己不用，就只能通过卖给别人，这样才会使公司受损。
(A) many users who illegally copy programs never find any use for them
用不用非法复制的软件与结论无关，无法解释原因。
(B) most of the illegally copied programs would not be purchased even if purchasing them were the only way to obtain them
大部分非法复制品都卖不出去。所以公司不会严重受损。
(C) even if the computer industry received all the revenue it claims to be losing, it would still be experiencing financial difficulties
(D) the total market value of all illegal copies is low in comparison to the total revenue of the computer industry
(E) the number of programs that are frequently copied illegally is low in comparison to the number of programs available for sale

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大全-1-8.        Which of the following best completes the passage below?
At large amusement parks, live shows are used very deliberately to influence crowd movements. Lunchtime performances relieve the pressure on a park’s restaurants. Evening performances have a rather different purpose: to encourage visitors to stay for supper. Behind this surface divergence in immediate purpose there is the unified underlying goal of______
(A) keeping the lines at the various rides short by drawing off part of the crowd
(B) enhancing revenue by attracting people who come only for the live shows and then leave the park
(C) avoiding as far as possible traffic jams caused by visitors entering or leaving the park
(D) encouraging as many people as possible to come to the park in order to eat at the restaurants
(E) utilizing the restaurants at optimal levels for as much of the day as possible