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大全571  Archaeologists have discovered that, （over five thousand years ）ago, Mesopotamian cooks were preparing chicken with coriander and tamarind, just as Egyptian cooks are still doing today. 这个句子里,over 是和 five thousand years一体的,over five thousand years ago,是说5000多年以前,而不是说持续了5000年.over不表示during

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【倒装结构】大总结


一．完全倒装

1.表语在句首要倒装

•介词短语/分词短语/形容词短语+系动词+主语（主语与前面的动词主谓一致）

1.1介词短语在句首

Among the people was a man named Brown. 在这些人中有一个叫布朗的人。

On the top of the hill stands an old temple. 这山顶上有一座庙。

From the valley came a frightening sound with some cries.

North of the city lies/is a new airport.

1.2分词作表语

•过去分词（有时构成被动结构的过去分词）提前到句首，引起倒装

•构成进行时态的现在分词也可以提到前面来----张道真(正常语序看是进行时态)

Helping them raise their artistic level are various professorial organizations.

Visiting the Great Wall were 200 American college students.

Coinciding with the development of jazz in New Orleans in the 1920's was one of the greatest periods in blues music.  (toefl原句）【coinciding with…显然不是动名词而是现在分词倒装】

•现在分词提前到句首引起倒装要和动名词作主语区别开来

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•下面例句是动名词作主语：Teaching English is my job. / Visiting the Great wall is worthwhile.

1.3形容词短语放句首

Present at the meeting is our English teacher. (Present出席的，在场的)

Gone are the days when we had a good time at the mountain village. (Gone 离去的)

2.为了保持句子平衡或上下文的连接更紧密，也可以采用倒装.

They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.

•主语有过多修饰语亦可采用完全倒装

Noteworthy is the factthat he has talent for music.

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二．部分倒装

1.一些表示频率的副词(如many a time, often等)位于句首时 ,句子部分倒装.

Often did we go for walks together.

Many a time have I told him about it.

2．用于“no sooner…than…, hardly…when…和not until等结构中”

No sooner had he arrived than someone called him.他一到就有人给他打电话

3.用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句(把were, had, should放在主语前构成倒装)

Were I you ( = If I were you ), I would not accept his present.

Had you ( = If you had ) studied hard, you might have passed the exam this time.

4. 用于“形容词/名词/动词+as (though)”引导的让步状语从句，例如：

•形容词：Pretty as she is（=As pretty as she is=though she is pretty）, she is not clever at all.

•动词：Try as he could, he might fail again.

•名词：Child as he was, he had to sell newspapers in the streets.

5. 否定副词（never, not…, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, scarcely, rarely, no longer, barely, little）

Barely did he have time to catch the bus.

Never have I been to Beijing.

6. So / Such 引导的倒装句

So kind is she that she deserves all my respect.(全倒装)

So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.

7. Only在句首强调状语Only when the meeting is over can we know the decision.