sherrysu

句子成分：定语、状语、同位语等
        定语应该紧邻其修饰的名词或代词，如果前面有逗号隔开的插入语或者后置介词短语存在，可以跳过插入语或介词短语修饰前面的名词或代词
        状语置于主谓语之前，表示修饰整个句子，尤其是动词。
        副词改变词性或位置，通常会造成句意改变或者离修饰对象太远，多半为错误答案
        appear可以做系动词，后接表语
        主系表结构应注意逻辑判断，sth is sth，前后sth在词性、意义上保持一致
        用了形式主语it be/appear…that…后面不可能再跟it is，因为前一个it是形式主语，后一个指代具体事物
        同位语若用一个抽象概念来概括，前面不会是一个具体事物，应该是一大堆话。如果是具体事物，则不能用抽象概念来概括
        倒装句，如果后面是两个并列动词，注意两个动词都要使用原型。经常会第一个是原型第二个不是。
        A选项的句子重心也不是绝对判断标准，必须有其他证据相辅助

sherrysu

惯用搭配：
1998 saw…
Just as A do, so B do
As be (often)the case (with) 不需要考虑对等，因此当比较双方对等会使句子不简洁时，常用这个短语
A did one thing, as well as doing another thing.
not so much that…as that… 与其说，不如说  要求形式对等
by sth/doing sth=through sth/doing sth
risk of doing sth, risk of sth(risk为不可数名词)，risk doing sth
entail sth, entail doing sth  使……成为需要
proof for sth, proof that
dedicate sth to sht/doing sth
talent for sth
restriction on sth.
on the ground(s) of sth/that 表原因，相当于because
as much 表强调，可以无视
one chance in a million 表程度
jump to/at，如果jump表示数量或水准的进步到一定程度，常跟to
Three out of every four automobile owners also own a bicycle.
so that表结果目的，such that表程度
in that表原因(太过正式不常用)，inasmuch as表原因（也不常用），now that表原因，直接用because和for最好
and then, and thus经常连用
vulnerable to sth
cite A as B，有时会倒装，cite as B A
(a)blow to sth，爆炸性消息
光看到claims要考虑两种情况，可能是claims to be担任句子谓语成分，也可能是it claims作插入语。
assistance of sb/sth
require sb to do sth
weigh in 过磅  weigh in at+重量
grains of sugar/sand/salt 专用于形容细小颗粒状的东西
be descended from
x is to y what a is to b
Weather rots the fruit.
a 55% increase in delays更清楚，不要说成55% more delays
distinction +between and，没有其他搭配
x substitute for y as…
conceive of x as y
aid in doing sth
take turns doing/at doing/to do
consider A B
burning of fossil fuels by humans=human beings’ burning of fossil fuels
on condition that 后面可以接虚拟语气，也可以不接，用一般现在时或一般过去时，注意与整个句子时态搭配。 on condition that they not be named 固定搭配
support for doing sth，不用to do
provide sth for doing sth

sherrysu

predict后接will不接would，后面不用动词原形表达强烈语气

不要混用when和if。when的翻译一定是当……的时候。
when不能用来举例，只能特指某个时间段。不能引导条件状语从句。

not only but also, also可以省略
not just, but also也对
but it also也是可以单独出现的，不是非要跟not only搭配

aggravate, make worse
aggravating, annoying

act like 举止像
act as  充当，担当，function

a means to X  为了达成X的方法
a means of X  X方法中的其中一种

One…the other  只有两个，不能单独使用，不能只说the other，看到the other要警惕
Some…the others  三个以上
One…another, another
Some…others, others
The others=the rest
The others有单独使用的情况，the other没有

The extent of sth或to…extent，表范围
The degree to sth或to…degree，表程度

Conforming to 与……保持一致，主动语态
Compared to/with 与……比较，被动语态
Combined with  被动语态

immune to 免疫，不受影响
immune from 免于，豁免=exempt

suffer from 后接结果，多跟名词或过去分词
result from 后接原因，是已经发生的事，不用现在分词

attribute x to y=x is attributed to y  x(effect) y(cause)

Divide over 强烈分歧
The scientific community remains divided over whether…

Even as 正当，恰好……的时候
As to 关于、对于、为了、有关、就……而论

sherrysu

forbid to do
keep, stop, prevent, prohibit, inhibit, discourage from doing

be dated at … years old
estimated to be …years old

although是连词
(even) though既是连词也是副词
thereby, therefore, thus, then只是副词，th开头的词只有though特殊

When引导的时间状语通常时间较短，as引导的时间状语从句持续较长。

The more…, the more…句型：
当句子动词是be动词时，前后两个be都可以省略。特别是当主语为it时，常同时省略。如The more the better.
第二个the more后面的句子可以倒装，第一个不可以。

tell sb. (that); say(that); expect(that); think(that); predict(that); believe(that); prove(that); answer(that); suggest(that); inform sb (that); mention(that); note(that); notice(that); write(that); read(that)  这几个动词后面的that可以省略

Phenomena是复数形式
Citrus是单数可数名词
Dioxin单数可数名词
Limitation是单数可数名词

sherrysu

Population后不跟amount
Enhance和preparation无法搭配
没有from when这种搭配
没有without A and no B这种搭配
不能用one of the league，league本来就是单数名词，不是集合名词
Accurate与ability无法搭配
Interact不与among搭配
Among不与each other搭配
形容number不能用more，只能用greater
density不与numerous或者more搭配，只与greater搭配
persuade不接从句
GMAT不承认so as to这个短语
and和so不连用

Redundancy：
simultaneously与while
require/mandate/demand/suggest与must/have to
could/may/possibly/perhaps与may
must与ensure
and与in addition
each year与annually
per person与per capita
rise与increase
regain与again
increase up to，去掉up
wanting to do，去掉wanting
and so，去掉so

While at the same time不算冗余

sherrysu

语序
OG 3
Although various eighteenth-and nineteenth-century American poets had professed an interest in Native American poetry and had pretended to imitate Native American forms in their own works, it was not until almost 1900 that scholars and critics seriously began studying traditional native American poetry in native languages。

OG 12
Rising inventories, if not accompanied by corresponding increases in sales, can lead to production cutbacks that would hamper economic growth.

OG 70
His studies of ice-polished rocks in his Alpine homeland, far outside the range of present-day glaciers, let Louis Agassiz in 1837 to propose the concept of an age in which great ice sheets existed in what are now temperate areas.

OG.93
Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this year than last because refiners are paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil than they were last year.

OG.103
Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world’s social wasps, wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of females—the queen and her sterile female workers.

OG.121
Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease.