2010年托福语法笔记改错之代词与介词

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代词
一、代词的五种形式间的混用
he him himself self
主格＜－＞宾格＜－反身代词 名词
△
┃
所有格
his
(A)名词前面应该使用所有格
make she debut 错
make one’s debut
* 双宾语结构例外 won him prizes 对
（B）反身代词画线－－－＞改宾格
要使用的反身代词必须与所在句子主语一致
he killed him. 他杀
he killed himself 自杀
（C）self ,是名词，“自我”，只用于哲学， 出现永远错
二、代词的单复数 him,her--> them, 注意一下
三、代词的性别
his/her himself/herself
四、代词的人与物
Although he is employed in hte scientific field, the metric system
~~->it
is not used in the U.S.
五、关系代词
┏ which 指代物
┃ that 指代人或物 注意：who与which混用
┗ who 指代人
┏ who 主
┃ whom 宾
┗ whose 所有格
whom image --->只考过一回
~~~~->whose
*主要考who和whose的混用
who + noun. 错 whose + V 错
介词
一、through/throughout
through: “穿过”、“通过”，强调动作
throughout: “贯穿”throughout his lifetime
“遍布”throughout the world
二、between/among
between the stars/trees 两两之间
among the two realms 错
三、in/inside /into
inside,in 静态，强调状态
into 动态，强调动作
air inside the house
shoot...into the sky
in + 单数noun.(无冠词)，表示某一领域，某一方面，某一行业
in shape, in size
四、in/for/since
in + 1. 时刻点
2. 一段时间
for+ 1. prep. + 一段时间
2. conj. 并列连词，不能位于句首
句子，for 句子
since+1. prep., “自从”＋时刻点，完成时
2. conj., “因为”Since +句子，句子
3. adv., 　a. 与过去时共用　= ago
...was...many years since ...
b. 与完成时连用，表示过去某个时间某个事件到现在
Tom was elected president last term, but he since has de
voted
little fo his spare time to his reponsibility.
五、of 遗漏
多余
六、by
1. be done by 只要不是固定词组，就改by
2. by doing 只要不是固定词组
3. 作品by 作者
publication by Franklin
七、固定搭配
together with = with
adv + prep = prep