- 精华
- 5
- 积分
- 2755
- 经验
- 2755 点
- 威望
- 257 点
- 金钱
- 637 ¥
- 魅力
- 513
|
二、在打好必备的词汇和语法基础之后,托福考生还必须具备句子结构分析能力来提升他们的阅读理解速度和准确度。
许多考生难以理解托福阅读文章,原因有两点:
(一)、他们没有掌握一些熟词的生僻含义。
(二)、他们缺乏分析长难句结构的能力。
在《新概念》第三册第三十四课有这么一句话:There is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms a real rarity will be found amongst piles of assorted junk that litter the floor.
该句是由两个that引导的从句,分别充当hope的同位语从句和piles of assorted junk的定语从句。第一个由that引起的同位语从句,是由一段地点状语“in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms”来展开全句的,其主句的语态是一个由a real rarity做主语的被动语态。全句可以翻译如下:人们还常常幻想在发霉、阴暗、无序的迷宫般店堂里,从杂乱地堆放在地面上的、各式各样的垃圾中淘到一件稀世珍品。
第四十九课也有一个很有特点的句子,它是这样写的:
Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.
句子开头为Though引起的状语,动词pursue的宾语是一个由what引起的名词性从句,在插入了一个非常书面的in that(意思相当于since)引起的从句之后,终于出现了主句she was extremely difficult to please。这种一步步将句子意思推向高潮的写法就是英文中非常有气势的“圆周句”,直到句子的末尾,作者最终的意思才被揭晓。全句可以这样理解:“(尽管)姑妈对待佣人们的做法在当时那个年代算是开明的,(因为她)从不让佣人们每天干活超过8个小时,但佣人们还是很难让她感到满意。”
托福阅读文章中曾出现过一个典型的长句。其难度更胜GRE:In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale.
句子的主干为people tend to have a different approach from that,其中that为代词,指代approach,此处译为“方式”最为贴切,因此主干的意思很简单:“人们倾向于采用一种方式,与其它方式不同。”
代词that后紧跟which引导的从句充当that,即the approach的定语。此外,句中还有两个省略了whom的定语从句,将之补全如下:
In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those (whom) they consider their equals from that which they assume with people (whom) they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale.
全句直译如下:在日常生活中,人们用一种方式对待他们认为与自己社会地位同等的人,而用另一种的方式去对待他们认为比自己社会地位高或低的人。 对于这种长句的准确分析,需要日积月累的语言知识及良好语感,而这些都可以在精心研读《新概念》中得以实现。 |
|