托福考试语法题笔记3

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　　1. Bubbles， flaws， and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass， _________ the glass sparkle.
　　A. which making
　　B. and making
　　C. making
　　D. to making
　　答案：C
　　分析：空格前的句子结构完整，这里的分词作状语。A中用which来引导非限制性定语从句，而句中无谓语，错；B中and作为连接词，而and后的句子不完整，没有谓语，错；D错，不定式的结构应该是to do.
　　参考译文：气泡，裂纹和其他的不规则会使光线穿过受损的玻璃时发散开，使得玻璃闪闪发光。
　　补充： stained glass常指教堂的彩色玻璃

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　　2. Fog is common near ________ _ inland bodies of water and along coasts in temperate zones.
　　A. there are large
　　B. large
　　C. either large
　　D. where large
　　答案：B
　　分析：A使得句中出现两个谓语动词，且中间无连接词，错；C应该是either… or…结构，但句中没有出现or；D中where引导的句子不完整，错。
　　参考译文：雾通常在靠近大型内陆水体和沿着温和地带边缘的地方发生。

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　　3. The portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk art makes it _________ valuable source of history.
　　A. and a
　　B. so that a
　　C. a
　　D. is a
　　答案：C
　　分析：make结构，make+n.1/pron+n.2/adj.
　　参考译文：描述日常生活的民间艺术品使它们本身成为有价值的历史来源。

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　　4. _______ by the United States government's Bureau of Labor Statistics， the Consumer Price Index compares current costs of goods and services with past costs.
　　A. To prepare
　　B. As it prepared
　　C. When preparation
　　D. Prepared
　　答案：D
　　分析：由后半句可以知道句子的逻辑主语应该是Consumer Price Index， 而且空格后是by，所以应该用被动形式，只能选D.
　　参考译文：消费者价格索引是美国政府劳工统计部完成的，它把现在的物品价格跟以前的做了比较。

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　　5. _________ carries the genes， which determine the hereditary characteristics of the cell or organism.
　　A. The chromosome
　　B. The chromosome that
　　C. Whereas the chromosome
　　D. There is a chromosome
　　答案：A
　　分析：该句是非限制性定语从句，前半句已经有谓语和宾语，缺主语，选A.
　　参考译文：染色体携带了遗传物质，这些遗传物质决定了细胞和生物体的遗传特性。

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　　6. _________ directly with most metals to form compounds called carbides.
　　A. Carbon reacting
　　B. Carbon reacts
　　C. The reaction of carbon
　　D. When carbon reacts
　　答案：B
　　分析：从句意来看，called在这里不是谓语动词，而是分词做后置定语：…… which are called carbides.空格中缺主语和谓语，选B.
　　参考译文：碳直接跟大部分金属反应而形成碳化物的化合物。

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　　7. Meteorites are slowed down by Earth's atmosphere， but if they are moving _________， they can form a crater on impact.
　　A. enough fast
　　B. fast enough
　　C. so fast enough
　　D enough are fast
　　答案：B
　　分析：enough的用法，固定顺序：adj.+enough
　　参考译文：陨石受地球大气阻挡而慢下来，但如果他们移动的足够快，他们能在撞击后形成一个大坑。

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　　8. Located at the upper end of each________ an adrenal gland， an integral part of the endocrine system.
　　A. kidney which is
　　B. kidney is
　　C. kidney being
　　D. kidney
　　答案：B
　　分析：该句为简单句，而且使用了倒装形式，原句为：An adrenal gland， an integral part of the endocrine system is located at the upper end of each kidney.
　　参考译文：肾上腺是内分泌系统的一个完整的部分，它位于肾的上端。

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　　9. About 75 percent of all cadmium is used for cadmium plating of _________ such as iron and steel.
　　A. easily corroded metals
　　B. metals are easily corroded
　　C. corroded metals that easily
　　D. how easily metals corroded
　　答案：A
　　分析：B中的are多余，否则句中出现两个谓语，错；C中的that引导定语从句，而从句缺谓语，错；用法错误，of后一般接名词。
　　参考译文：75％的所有镉金属都用来对类似铁、钢的容易腐蚀的金属进行镉镀膜了。

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　　10. An atom is a basic structural unit of matter， the smallest particle of an element _________ into chemical combination.
　　A. that can enter
　　B. can it enter
　　C. when entering it can
　　D. that enters can
　　答案：A
　　分析：that引导定语从句，element为先行词。the smallest particle of an element 是 a basic structural unit of matter的宾语同位语。
　　参考译文：原子是物体的基本结构单元，是元素形成化学组合特性的最小的颗粒