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我把原文摘出来
During the 1960s and 1970s, the primary
economic development strategy of local
governments in the United States was to attract
manufacturing industries. Unfortunately, this
strategy was usually implemented at another
community’s expense: many manufacturing facilities
were lured away from their moorings elsewhere
through tax incentives and slick promotional efforts.
Through the transfer of jobs and related revenues
that resulted from this practice, one town’s triumph
could become another town’s tragedy.
In the 1980s the strategy shifted from this
zero-sum game to one called “high-technology
development,” in which local governments
competed to attract newly formed high-technology
manufacturing firms. Although this approach was
preferable to victimizing other geographical areas
by taking their jobs, it also had its shortcomings:
high-tech manufacturing firms employ only a
specially trained fraction of the manufacturing
workforce, and there simply are not enough
high-tech firms to satisfy all geographic areas.
Recently, local governments have increasingly
come to recognize the advantages of yet a third
strategy: the promotion of homegrown small
businesses. Small indigenous businesses are
created by a nearly ubiquitous resource, local
entrepreneurs. With roots in their communities,
these individuals are less likely to be enticed away
by incentives offered by another community.
Indigenous industry and talent are kept at home,
creating an environment that both provides jobs
and fosters further entrepreneurship. |
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