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(二)、论点评价题
这一方面的问题主要让应试者在分析既定的论点基础之上去识别:factors that would strengthen, or weaken, the given argument(加强或削弱既定论点的因素),reasoning errors committed in making that argument(推理错误),以及the method by which the argument proceeds(论述方法)。也就是说,这类题型是在考察考生归纳推理的能力,要让考生根据题干中已有的推理找出支持、反驳观点以及假设条件。
解读题干的时候,要快读,迅速获取读得懂的信息。同时由于题干一般较长,要注意后面的信息比较重要,不能遗漏。读题干的时候,还可以思考:推出结论还需要什么样的附加信息?
判断这类题型5个选项的相关性时,可以使用如下判别方法:
1. 如果选项中没有比较,而其中设计的事件题干中有涉及,就有相关关系;
2. 如果选项中有比较,而比较的两个对象和比较点题干中都有涉及,就有相关关系;有一条没有,就是无关选项。
3. 有关项多于一项时,根据提示,取支持或反对结论的那一项。进一步分析,若多个选项取向相同,对于多个支持或多个反对结论的相关选项,要取更绝对化的那个;或者,把它们取非,带入题干结论,去掉使结论一定不成立那项。
来看下面这道例题:
Teenagers are often priced out of the labor market by the government-mandated minimum-wage level because employers cannot afford to pay that much for extra help. Therefore, if ConGREss institutes a subminimum wage, a new lower
legal wage for teenagers, the teenage unemployment rate, which has been rising since 1960, will no longer increase.
Which of the following statements, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
(A) Since 1960 the teenage unemployment rate has risen when the minimum wage has risen.
(B) Since 1960 the teenage unemployment rate has risen even when the minimum wage remained constant.
(C) Employers often hire extra help during holiday and warm weather seasons.
(D) The teenage unemployment rate rose more quickly in the 1970’s than it did in the 1960’s.
(E) The teenage unemployment rate has occasionally declined in the years since 1960.
应对这道题时,先看选项的相关性。显然,只有选项A和B是有关的。而且,A、B两项都是驳斥题干观点的。因此,要选出驳斥力较强的一项。我们可以把两项取非,这时B比A更加绝对,teenage unemployment rate与minimum wage之间的落差更大。因此,B是最佳选项。 |
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