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41. variations in:表达同一属性的variations
variations among:表达不同一属性的variations
42. provided=only if“只有,只要”,表达的是必要条件
43. each型独立主格,强调句尾名词,结构为:
句子+复数名词结尾,each+介词短语/形容词短语/v-ed/v-ing(不用加with/as)
44. thus一般和and连用,来连接表示因果关系的结构:and thus
45. 表示“协议、法律或制度”的名词常与介词under连用,under在此情况下的意思是“根据,按照”。
46. not only…but also的结构中,also可以省略;
Not only在句首时,后面的but also要改成but ……(it/they) also
47. appear的用法
(1) 做系动词:=seem,后面直接跟adj.
(2) 做动词:appear to do / appear to have been done
appear that
48. of late相当于lately
49. 形式宾语的句子结构:及物动词+it+宾补+不定式:make it possible for sb to do sth.
50. allow that的意思是:承认……;allow作“允许”讲时,没有allow that结构;
allow sb./sth. to do
allow sb./sth. to be done是常见结构
51. 极端环境多用extreme;而extremity是绝境、非常手段的意思。
52. many of them可以作独立主格结构的主语(是否能做完整句子的主语——貌似不能。)
53. OG12对in that用法的说明:
Because in that has largely gone out of use, it is considered stilted and overly formal.(但旧prep中有in that正确的选项,只是考点不是in that——旧prep2-103)
54. aggravate 使严重,使恶化
aggravating=annoying 使恼怒的,可恼怒的(注意两个词意思的差别)
55. act like means to behave or comport oneself,行为举止像……,描述人的行为
E:He acted like a fool.
act as describes the function of a thing 充当,作为,起……作用
E:The breakwater acts as buffer.
56. begin无被动语态。常说的“Class begins!”
E:Construction began in A.D.69.
57. date to:某物可追溯到哪一年,强调发生的时间点,后面跟ago.
date at:年代判定、鉴别/年份有…之久,强调发生到现在经过的时间多长,后面跟old.
58. data是复数形式,不可数名词。
datum是单数形式。
59. data是复数形式,不可数名词
60. “有一种关系分句(即定语从句),它既是先行项的后置修饰语(即定语),同时又是另外一个分句结构的宾语(即宾语从句)”此分句结构就被嵌入在定语从句中,即嵌入式关系分句。”
举例:In his breast-pocket he had a patch of scarlet, which I suppose was the paper
cap serving as a handkerchief.
注意两点:1)从句which was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief首先是patch
of scarlet的定语从句。
2)从句which(patch of scarlet)was the paper cap serving as a
handkerchief 也是I suppose 的宾语从句,即I suppose (that)the patch of scarlet was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief 。
综上所述,当一个定语从句同时是另一个主谓结构的宾语从句时,就可以写为嵌入式关系分句。
61. then作为副词的一个用法:used to say what happens next or what you do next:
E:Mix the flour and butter, then add the eggs.(有逗号)
Byron traveled to Italy and then to Greece.(没有逗号)
First opened in 1982, then rebuilt in 1900, the federal immigration station……
62. one…the other 只有两个
some…the others 有三个以上
one…another,another…
some…others,others…
others=other people/things
the others=the rest 剩下的全部
63. now可作为连词表原因,也可写成now that。朗文给出的解释是:because of something or as a result of something。
E:Now that we know each other a little better, we get along fine.
I’m going to relax now the school year is over.
64. that is意思为“那就是”。在语法功能上,它既可以象or那样连结句子中两个语法功能上相同的部分,也可以象副词那样地独立使用。另外,它特别喜欢跟在破折号的后面,连结两个句子。
65. the way of doing sth 和 the way to do sth是同义的,都可以用,含义没有区别。
66. everyone正式文体可以用he指代,口语可以用they指代。虽然逻辑上he/she对应everyone,但一般不用he/she指代, his or her 或 he or she是一种反映女权主义所产生的表达方式,考试时一般被认为不够简洁。
67. if only because是一个正确的语法短语,译为“如果只是因为,只不过是因为”。 |
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