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41.        variations in:表达同一属性的variations
    variations among:表达不同一属性的variations
42.        provided=only if“只有,只要”,表达的是必要条件
43.        each型独立主格,强调句尾名词,结构为:
句子+复数名词结尾,each+介词短语/形容词短语/v-ed/v-ing(不用加with/as)
44.        thus一般和and连用,来连接表示因果关系的结构:and thus
45.        表示“协议、法律或制度”的名词常与介词under连用,under在此情况下的意思是“根据,按照”。
46.        not only…but also的结构中,also可以省略;
Not only在句首时,后面的but also要改成but ……(it/they) also
47.        appear的用法
(1)        做系动词:=seem,后面直接跟adj.
(2)        做动词:appear to do / appear to have been done
            appear that
48.        of late相当于lately
49.        形式宾语的句子结构:及物动词+it+宾补+不定式:make it possible for sb to do sth.
50.        allow that的意思是:承认……;allow作“允许”讲时,没有allow that结构;
allow sb./sth. to do
allow sb./sth. to be done是常见结构
51.        极端环境多用extreme;而extremity是绝境、非常手段的意思。
52.        many of them可以作独立主格结构的主语(是否能做完整句子的主语——貌似不能。)
53.        OG12对in that用法的说明:
Because in that has largely gone out of use, it is considered stilted and overly formal.(但旧prep中有in that正确的选项,只是考点不是in that——旧prep2-103)
54.        aggravate 使严重,使恶化
aggravating=annoying 使恼怒的,可恼怒的(注意两个词意思的差别)
55.        act like means to behave or comport oneself,行为举止像……,描述人的行为
E:He acted like a fool.
act as describes the function of a thing 充当,作为,起……作用
E:The breakwater acts as buffer.
56.        begin无被动语态。常说的“Class begins!”
E:Construction began in A.D.69.
57.        date to:某物可追溯到哪一年,强调发生的时间点,后面跟ago.
date at:年代判定、鉴别/年份有…之久,强调发生到现在经过的时间多长,后面跟old.
58.        data是复数形式,不可数名词。
datum是单数形式。
59.        data是复数形式,不可数名词
60.        “有一种关系分句(即定语从句),它既是先行项的后置修饰语(即定语),同时又是另外一个分句结构的宾语(即宾语从句)”此分句结构就被嵌入在定语从句中,即嵌入式关系分句。”
举例:In his breast-pocket he had a patch of scarlet, which I suppose was the paper      
cap serving as a handkerchief.
注意两点:1)从句which was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief首先是patch           
of scarlet的定语从句。
2)从句which(patch of scarlet)was the paper cap serving as a   
handkerchief 也是I suppose 的宾语从句,即I suppose (that)the patch of scarlet was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief 。
综上所述,当一个定语从句同时是另一个主谓结构的宾语从句时,就可以写为嵌入式关系分句。
61.        then作为副词的一个用法:used to say what happens next or what you do next:
E:Mix the flour and butter, then add the eggs.(有逗号)
Byron traveled to Italy and then to Greece.(没有逗号)
       First opened in 1982, then rebuilt in 1900, the federal immigration station……
62.        one…the other 只有两个
some…the others 有三个以上
one…another,another…
some…others,others…
others=other people/things
the others=the rest 剩下的全部
63.        now可作为连词表原因,也可写成now that。朗文给出的解释是:because of something or as a result of something。
E:Now that we know each other a little better, we get along fine.
   I’m going to relax now the school year is over.
64.        that is意思为“那就是”。在语法功能上,它既可以象or那样连结句子中两个语法功能上相同的部分,也可以象副词那样地独立使用。另外,它特别喜欢跟在破折号的后面,连结两个句子。
65.        the way of doing sth 和 the way to do sth是同义的,都可以用,含义没有区别。
66.        everyone正式文体可以用he指代,口语可以用they指代。虽然逻辑上he/she对应everyone,但一般不用he/she指代, his or her 或 he or she是一种反映女权主义所产生的表达方式,考试时一般被认为不够简洁。
67.        if only because是一个正确的语法短语,译为“如果只是因为,只不过是因为”。

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十.固定短语搭配
1.rate for 费用/rate of 比率
2. make/consider+n1+n2
make/consider+n+adj
make/consier+it+adj+to do sth.(形式宾语的用法)
make/consier+it+adj+that
3. help sb. to do / help to do / help sb. do / help do
be helpful in doing
4. forbid sb. to do sth. / forbid sth.
prohibit sb. from doing sth. / prohibit sth.
5. require sb. to do
require that
sth. be required of sb. to do
require + n + 介词短语(OG12-133)
6. estimate to / It is estimated that……
7. distinguish between A and B / distinguish A from B
distinction between A and B
8.        aid in doing
9.        assist in doing
with/without the assistance of……
10.        ask sb. to do(中间只能是人)
ask for sth.
11.        appear to do sth.
12.        claim to do / claim that(claim和that中间不能加任何成分)
13.        even as的意思是“正当,恰好在…时候”
14.        increase to/jump to(increase up to——错误。)
15.        one chance in a million:机会、可能性很小的意思
16.        function as sth, (as后面直接跟名词,加助动词错误——具体情况看逻辑含义)
17.        cite A as B;其倒装结构:cite as B A…
18.        类似17条:note that…as a example的语序也可调整为note as a example that……
19.        spend (money类) on / spend (time类) doing
20.        expend on
21.        credit with doing/having done 相信…具有
be credited to 归因于…
22.        resemblance of sth to sth
resemblance between A and B
23.        restitution to sb for sth.
24.        mistake A for B
25.        to the extent that / the extent of / the extent to which
26.        the necessity of sth/doing sth
27.        demand sth / demand to do(没有demand sb. to do)/ demand that
28.        rivalry between A and B
the rivals A and B(名词:对手)
A rival B for sth(动词)

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29.        look to sb/sth(指望)/ be looking to do(计划、期望做某事)
30.        target at
31.        range from A and B
32.        rather do/doing(没有rather to do),注意这里是rather,不是rather than。
33.        begin to do / begin doing
34.        for/in + 年份(两种表达都对)
35.        supply for
36.        invest in
37.        preference for
38.        whether A, B or C
39.        to…degree / the degree to sth / a degree of
40.        in which case 在这种情况下
41.        depend on whether——depend on后面只能、必须跟whether,不能跟if
42.        restrictions on
43.        order sb to do / order that
44.        be geared to/toward sth(常用被动)使与……相适应;使适合于
45.        sth be scheduled to
46.        immune to不受…影响 / immune from受…保护
47.        entail sth./doing sth.使必需,使必要;牵涉
48.        a trick of doing(a trick for doing是错误结构)
49.        prescribe sb. sth. / prescribe sth. for sb./sth.
50.        be intended for sb./sth. 书、电影、药品等专为……设计或制造
E:The book is intended for children aged 5~7.                                                                                 
intend to do 计划、打算做某事
the intent of doing
51.        obstacle(名词) to
52.        grains of sugar/sand/salt等为固定搭配。因为类似sugar/sand/salt等细小、沙状的东西才能用a grain of/grains of修饰
53.        interact with
54.        divide over(旧prep2-47)
55.        competition from
56.        charge (a price:数额) for sth
57.        in the domains of
58.        provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb
59.        capitalize on 利用;依靠
60.        concede to承认;让步

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61.        supplement with
E:supplement their cultivation with fishing and hunting
62.        from…to…和to…from…均是正确的表达
63.        synchronizes A with B  使同步,在时间上一致
64.        in question:相关地,被讨论地,怀疑地
65.        find sth. from someplace
66.        bother to do sth. / bother doing sth.——均为正确的idioms
67.        be known to do / be known to have done(ETS倾向用法)
68.        with the result that + clause是正确的习语
69.        instead of doing——允许此种用法
70.        at speeds / speeds of
E: reach speeds of up to 150 miles per hour
71.        in recognition of sth. 表彰……
72.        award sb. sth. / sb be awarded sth.
73.        to one’s satisfaction
74.        be subject to 服从  
E: A will not be subject to the new law. 意思是A不服从新法律。
be subjected to 经历,遭受  
E: A is subjected to great press.  A 遭受了很大的压力。
75.        take credit for sth.
76.        in large measure 大半,大部分
77.        argue for
78.        stem from是…的结果;根源于
79.        thank sb for sth(n.) (thank sb for doing是错误的用法)
80.        persuade sb to do sth (persuade后不能直接加that从句)
81.        in depth (with depth是错误的)
82.        find sth adj. / find+that
83.        recommend sth. / recommend doing sth. / recommend that (should省略)
84.        regard…as + 名词/being/having
85.        a goal/plan to do
86.        records of doing
87.        be disproportionate to
88.        recoup sth. / recoup sb. for sth.
89.        one’s position on
90.        discriminate between A and B / discriminate A from B  区分;辨别
91.        tout…as… 标榜,吹捧
92.        be reminiscent of…使回忆起…
93.        bustle with 因…而喧闹

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十一.用词重复总结
1.        attempt to do / try to do
2.        annual / a year
3.        decline / down
4.        regain / again
5.        previously / in the past
6.        oppose to / against
7.        once in every 时间或数字
8.        rise / raise / soar / grow / increase
9.        now / currently
10.        can and potentially (can , potentially, ……——正确)
11.        consequences / result
12.        that of one’s own
13.        be known / be named for
14.        return / back
15.        use as / borrow against
16.        share the same
17.        both…and / in addition
18.        must be / ensure
19.        as…as / compared to
20.        amount / sum
21.        while(当…时) / simultaneously
22.        after / subsequently
23.        mandate / must
24.        per capita / per person
25.        and / so(二者均为连词,不能连用)
26.        although / however
27.        but yet

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好贴一定要顶的

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我也顶,谢谢LZ的总结

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不错的总结

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up

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谢谢分享!!

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