GWD-18-Q8-Q10

rosswye

The term “episodic memory” was introduced by Tulving to refer to what he considered a uniquely human capacity—the ability to recollect specific past events, to travel back into the past in one’s own mind—as distinct from the capacity simply to use information acquired through past experiences.
Subsequently, Clayton et al. developed criteria to test for episodic memory in animals.
According to these criteria, episodic memories are not of individual bits of information; they involve multiple components of a single event “bound” together.
Clayton sought to examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate memory of “what,” “where,” and “when” information and their binding of this information.
In the wild, these birds store food for retrieval later during periods of food scarcity.
Clayton’s experiment required jays to remember the type, location, and freshness of stored food based on a unique learning event.
Crickets were stored in one location and peanuts in another.
Jays prefer crickets, but crickets degrade more quickly.
Clayton’s birds switched their preference from crickets to peanuts once the food had been stored for a certain length of time, showing that they retain information about the what, the where, and the when.
Such experiments cannot, however, reveal whether the birds were reexperiencing the past when retrieving the information.
Clayton acknowledged this by using the term “episodic-like” memory.10. GWD-18-Q10

In order for Clayton’s experiment to show that scrub jays have episodic-like memory, which of the following must be true in the experiment?

A.
Some of the jays retrieved stored peanuts on the first occasion they were allowed to retrieve food.

B.
All the crickets were retrieved before any of the peanuts were.

C.
The peanuts were stored further away than the crickets.

D.
When a jay attempted to retrieve a cricket or a peanut, the jay was prevented from eating it.


      E. Throughout the experiment the jays were fed at levels typical of a time of scarcity
为什么选E啊？
顺便问一下，24套的GWD，14-23套的讨论贴怎么都找不到呢？谢谢

liuzhenlin

啊~~这道题当时做的时候也错选了A，看了答案之后想起原文曾说过“  In the wild, these birds store food for retrieval later during periods of food scarcity. ”food scarcity 这是不是个这种鸟 retrieve 这种 stored food 的前提啊？

哪么A怎么错了？是不是错在some？应该是all吗？（不严谨）

请教各位~~

zengzihao

恩，说的有理！我原来也选了A，现在看来，应该是some不能代表全部，另外说some是这样的，好像在说还有其他的鸟不是这样做的，应该不能支持说这些鸟有episodic-like memory

题目问哪个在实验中必须是正确的，也就是说哪个是能做出这种结果的前提！并不是说，有了这个就一定能做出来，而是没有这个就一定不能说明结果！

E：就像OLIVIA说的，现实中这种鸟儿是在食物不够了的时候才去存食物，实验当然也要在同样环境下做才有效！

grossmun

According to the [url=]passage[/url][z1] , part of the evidence that scrub jays can bind information is that they

A.
showed by their behavior that they were reexperiencing the past

B.
used information acquired through past experiences

C.
assessed the freshness of food that had been stored by other jays

D.
remembered what kind of food was stored in a particular location

E.
recollected single bits of information about sources of food

---

[z1]看到是熟悉的文章，就没读，直接选答案，后果很严重。充分说明了定位的重要性。

wangliming

这个文章的第一题你们怎么看？我怎么觉得是B啊？？

原文应该是定位到“ showing that they retain information about the what, the where, and the when.”

这不是说的是B么？？

sisucsxs

8. GWD-18-Q8

According to the passage, part of the evidence that scrub jays can bind information is that they

A.
showed by their behavior that they were reexperiencing the past

B.
used information acquired through past experiences

C.
assessed the freshness of food that had been stored by other jays

D.
remembered what kind of food was stored in a particular location

E.
recollected single bits of information about sources of food

题目问的是如何证明scrub jays能bind information，答案D，它们通过回忆where(in a particular location), what (what kind of food)，跟文中“Clayton sought to examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate memory of “what,” “where,” and “when” information and their binding of this information. ”一致。

painstak

原文："in wild, these birds store food for retrieval later during periods of food scarcity."
E."Throughout the experiment the jays were fed at levels typical of a time of scarcity" 和原文说的就是一个意思啊。
这道题就是问assumption啊，原文对这段experiment介绍的时候描述了很多，如果哪一个不成立就不能使实验最终得出的结论
            ”Clayton acknowledged this by using the term “episodic-like” memory. “ 成立。
或者用逻辑题做assumption的方法，取非不成立就是答案的思路也可以。