费费17题

chengzhiying

17. Psychologist: Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’s argument depends?
(A) Astrologers have not subjected their claims to rigorous experimentation.
(B) The personality differences between the two individuals cannot be explained by the cultural difference between Toronto and New York.
(C) The geographical difference between Toronto and New York did not result in the two individuals having different horoscopes.
(D) Complete birth records for the past 40 years were kept at both hospitals.
(E) Identical twins have identical genetic structures and usually have similar home environments.
我觉得这题的答案C有问题，文章的结论是相同的horoscope可以形成不同的personality，所以答案就是排它因，即排除cultural difference。

antiquarks

This is a little bit tricy. If we have an argument as follows:

"John and Smith have a different horoscopes which result in their different personalities,", then we can feel safe to say the exclusion of culture differences is the assumption of the above argument.

In terms of this question, we have a different argument stem described as:

"Though geographical difference, John and Smith were given brith at the exact same time, and they have different personalities => Horoscopes are not the determinant of personalities"

Here we can sense the gap between two person born at the same time and two person have identical horoscope, and this leads to the assumptions as:
"Horoscope depends solely on the time when person was born", or put from a different angle:
"Nothing else except the birth date result in person's horoscope", which is exactly what the answer C is trying to tell.

The thing need looking at carefully is no matter how culture differences matters in establishing personalities has no bearing on the validity of the original arugment.

chengzhiying

解释非常清楚.

想问一句,C选项应该不算排除他因吧, 那属于那种类型的assumption(assumption的改写)? 谢!

Avantasia

個人認為類似實驗樣本錯誤的改寫

原題事實：生辰相同

原題推論：性格無關星像

(言下之意：生辰相同→星像相同)

若將答案C取非後：兩人因地理位置差異→造成不同星座 (也就是性格仍可能有關星座)，weaken原立場(星座可能不同)

也就是直接說sychologist 指出的這兩人，根本不符推論對象