[转帖]SC难题讨论汇总[分享]

qwrersaa

1。Federal incentives now encourage （investing capital in commercial office buildings despite vacancy rates in existing structures that are exceptionally high and） no demand for new construction.(A) investing capital in commercial office buildings despite vacancy rates in existing structures that are exceptionally high and (B) capital investment in commercial office buildings, even though vacancy rates in existing structures are exceptionally high and there is (C) capital to be invested in commercial office buildings even though there are exceptionally high vacancy rates in existing structures with (D) investing capital in commercial office buildings even though the vacancy rates are exceptionally high in existing structures with (E) capital investment in commercial office buildings despite vacancy rates in existing structures that are exceptionally high, and although there is The key is B, but,according the grammtical rules in LZM,a abstractive noun can not follow the "there be"phrase.Consequently,it seem likely that "the demand for new construction" is not a a abstractive noun.
——————————there be 句型的使用有例外，there be 句型后面可以跟一些抽象名词，而且一定可以跟no+名词的形式。而且vivian说的对，如果动词有名词形式，优先使用其名词，而不是用ing形式。我的体会是在可以使用名词时，就不要用ing；如果介词后的结构很长一般都要换成从句，因为不简洁也不清晰。

2。Although fruit can no longer grow once it is picked, it continues for some time to respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, （similar to the way human beings breathe）.请问此题括号部分错在哪儿？
——————————similar to 是形容词短语,不能做状语,本句需要一个状语来补充说明taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide,应该成the same way as human beings breathe.
3。Founded in 1983, the magazine （increased its circulation more than double since then）, and its advertising.(C) has since more than doubled its circulation 不理解，more than +谓语动词？
——————————more than是可以修饰谓语动词的.
4。Because paper of all kinds is the biggest single component of municipal trash, many municipalities have tried recycling to reduce the cost of trash disposal. （全划线） A
(A) Because paper of all kinds is the biggest single component of municipal trash, many municipalities have tried recycling to reduce the cost of trash disposal. (B) Because paper of all kinds is the biggest single component in municipal trash, many municipalities tried to recycle so that the cost of trash disposal is rduced.(C) Because paper of all kinds are the biggest single components in municipal trash, many municipalities have tried to recycle to reduce the cost of trash disposal. (D) All kinds of paper are the biggest single components of municipal trash, and so many municipalities have tried recycling to reduce the cost of trash disposal. (E) All kinds of paper is the biggest single component of municipal trash, so many municipalities have tried to recycle so that the cost of trash disposal could be reduced.
——————————选a,component of,所以b不对，c主谓不一致，d逻辑意思改变，e错的太多了all kinds of paper 谓语用复数,但是它的意思改变了.中心词应该是paper. "to"不定式表目的，在这优于"so that "这题是OG的题，OG上有详细的解释。
5.如果仅仅是要避免设施的重复建设,在BISTATE地区建一座新的大医院会造成资源的浪费.(bistate area应该是指两个州的地区,不是太清楚) 这里应该不是IF ONLY连用,而是ONLY BECAUSE连用.请讨论.Building large new hospital in the bistate area would constitute a wasteful use of resources, if only because the duplication of facilities should be avoided. 这句话是不是虚拟条件句呢？不过俺觉得句意从逻辑上好像讲不通。
—————————5.如果仅仅是要避免设施的重复建设,在BISTATE地区建一座新的大医院会造成资源的浪费.(bistate area应该是指两个州的地区,不是太清楚)IF ONLY的用法(查字典):if `only (a) (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time 用以表示对现时或未来的愿望): If only I were rich. 但愿我很富. * If only I could swim. 要是我会游泳该多好. * If only I knew her name. 我要是知道她的名字就好了. * If only it would stop raining. 真希望雨能停. * If only they would tell me what they''ve decided. 但愿他们能把决定告诉我. (b) (used to express a wish that past events had been different 用以表示与过去事实相反的愿望): If only he''d remembered to buy some fruit. 他当时要是记得买些水果来该多好. * If only I had gone by taxi. 假若我是乘计程车去的就好了.这里应该不是IF ONLY连用,而是ONLY BECAUSE连用.请讨论.
6.Although （films about the American west depict coyotes as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of distant hills）, in reality these gregarious creature live in stable groups that occupy the same territory fro long periods. 以上为正确答案，但总感觉划线部分若改为 coyotes are depicted as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of the siatant hills in films about the American West 会比较好一些，不知诸位感觉如何？=====不同意你的看法.关键是IN FILMS会引起修饰模糊.按句子的意思,IN FILMS应该是修饰整句的,而若你所改的句子就只修饰HILLS,不对.
.Although （films about the American west depict coyotes as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of distant hills）, in reality these gregarious creature live in stable groups that occupy the same territory fro long periods. 以上为正确答案，但总感觉划线部分若改为 coyotes are depicted as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of the siatant hills in films about the American West 会比较好一些，不知诸位感觉如何？=====不同意你的看法.关键是IN FILMS会引起修饰模糊.按句子的意思,IN FILMS应该是修饰整句的,而若你所改的句子就只修饰HILLS,不对.=====不过，俺觉得，这句话未划线部分主语是these gregarious creatures,即指coyotes,因此划线部分也应以coyotes为主语才对，JJ的意思呢？
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6. 其实在生活英语里面，两种说法都对，但是要注意ETS有主动优于被动的说法。although 引导从句，主语可以不一致的。如果主语一致的话，其实可以有更简洁的表达: Depicted as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of the siatant hills in films about the American West, blablabla....... 所以综合看来，还是选主动的比较有把握。而且这里 on the tops of hills in films about.... 比较罗嗦，还会有歧义，到底是 on the top of 美西电影里的hills还是 on the top of hills并且in the films about 美西呢？ 从语法上看，是前一种解释，从句子意思上看，是后一种解释。比较模糊。而用主动就没这个问题了。

7.The Audubon Society and other conservation groups, concerned over what they perceive as the serious threat to the environment posed by the police of the government, are preparing for a major political effort. 此句是什么结构？
——————————7.主句是The Audubon Society and other conservation groups, are preparing for a major political effort.concerned over what they perceive as the serious threat to the environment posed by the police of the government,是过去分词(也可以理解成形容词)短语做后置定语修饰主语.

qwrersaa

8。In the mid-1960''s a newly installed radar warning system mistook the rising of the moon as a massive missile attack by the Soviets. A rising of the moon as a massive missile attack by the Soviets B rising of the moon for a massive Soviet missile attack C moon rising to a massive missile attack by the Soviets D moon as it was rising for a massive Soviet missile attack E rise of the moon as a massive Soviet missile attack Choice B is best because it alone correctly handles the idiom to mistake x for y. Though choice D manages the correct preposition, for, the phrase the moon as it was rising for is less efficient and precise than the phrasing of choice B: since rising functions as a verb in D, the phrase for a massive... attack now seems to modify rising rather than mistook. Choice C incorrectly uses mistook... to, and choices A and E incorrectly use mistake ... as. Choice E also employs the nonidiomatic rise of the moon.A fire in an enclosed space burns with the aid of reflected radiation that preheats the fuel, making ignition much easier and flames spreading more quickly. A. flames spreading B. flame spreads C. flames are caused to spread D. Causing flames to spread E. causing spreading of the flames 这题到底是考什么呢，怎么A不对呢
——————————1.D主要是句子结构平行问题.AND 连接的两个短语结构要对称.making ignition much easier and Causing flames to spread more quickly.A 不对,如果该成flames'' spreading应该就可以与ignition并列,做MAKING的宾语.
9。The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be compleated in the late 1980''s C. Modernizing the steel mill, hopefully to be completed in the late 1980''s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars E Modernizing the steel mill, aprogram that can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980''s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars. 这题是E，但是不知道C怎么不对
————————2.关键是hopefully to be completed in the late 1980''s成分不明.不知道是修饰MILL还是Modernizing...从句子结构上看是修饰MILL, 但从句子的逻辑意思上看应该修饰Modernizing..所以这里需要有个名词program来代替Modernizing the steel mill.而且,hopefully具有主动意味,应该用it is hoped,. 第二例除去修饰问题外另外C中丢失了重要信息:A PROGRAM.其实这题考的是同位语结构2。 而且情态动词 CAN也不能随便丢失
10。Three weeks ago, a teacher designed a math curriculum to address *the deficiencies in basic math skills that she expected to encounter based on her students'' poor performances* on previous tests.AB deficient basic math skills she expected to encounter, basing them on her students'' poor performancesC deficiency of basic math skills expected to be encountered based on the poor performance of her studentsD poor performances shown by her students and the deficiencies in basic math skills she expected to encounterE deficiencies expected to be encountered in the basic math skills in her students'' poor performances a A中的based on修饰的是谁,是a math curriculum吗?过去分词可以跳跃修饰吗
——————————1.based on 是修饰the deficiencies，它与in the basic math skills和that从句共同构成deficiencies的定语。此外，此题可以从逻辑意思上及GMAT语法规则上得出答案。 2.非限定性定语从句既可以修饰逗号前的先行词也可以说明前面的事情或行为。
11。If recent scientific evidence is to be believed, vaccinating children who are younger than those *vaccinated in elementary school programs will create a healthy community in pre-school, which* should accordingly decrease disease in the community at large.
AB it will create a healthier community for pre-schools to vaccinate children who are younger than those vaccinated in elementary school programs; they
C a healthier pre-school community will be created from vaccinating younger children than elementary school programs, which
D a healthier community in any pre-school will be created from vaccinating younger children than those in elementary school programs; that
E a pre-school program vaccinating younger children than those in elementary school programs will create a healthier community; they awhich* should accordingly decrease disease in the community at large 是修饰 healthy community in pre-school的吗,但从逻辑上讲好像修饰这句话修饰will create a healthy community in pre-school更合理一些,但这样用which又不通了
——————————2.which* should accordingly decrease disease in the community at large 是修饰 healthy community in pre-school的从句子意思来理解:.....会在小学创造一个健康的社区, 相应地,小学中的健康社区会减少总社区中的疾病.
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12. Developing nations in various parts of the world have amassed $700 billion in debts; at stake, should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is the solvency of some of the world''s largest multinational banks.
划线的这就是答案，这题的时态让我很困惑，哪位大侠指点一二
——————————Developing nations in various parts of the world have amassed $700 billion in debts; at stake, (should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is) the solvency of some of the world''s largest multinational banks.
的倒装句中插入虚拟语气条件句.还原就是:
If a significant number of these debts should be repudiated,the solvency of some of the world''s largest multinational banks is at stake.
如果大量的债务遭到拒付的话,一些大型跨国银行的偿付能力就微若累卵了.
13。Several senior officials spoke to the press on condition that they not be named in the story.
划线的就是答案，这里难道用的虚拟语气吗，on condition that也要这么用吗
——————————是的，on condition that 引导的从句使用虚拟语气。
14。. Oberlin College in Ohio was a renegade institution at its 1833 founding for deciding to accept both men and women as students.
(b) for the decision at its 1833 founding to accept
(d) in deciding at its founding in 1833 to accept
答案是D，那么B的错误在哪里呢，这个for有什么不妥
——————————不应该使用 介词+sb''s doing的结构，its 1883 founding 从逻辑意义上也理解不通，它的1883年的founding，那就是暗示说还有其他年的founding存在。

qwrersaa

15。Minnesota is the only one of the contiguous forty-eight states (that still has a sizable wolf population, and where) this predator remains the archenemy of cattle and sheep.
(A) that still has a sizable wolf population, and where
(B) that still has a sizable wolf population, where
(C) that still has a sizable population of wolves, and where
(D) where the population of wolves is still sizable;
(E) where there is still a sizable population of wolves and where
——————————————E, and 连接两个WHERE引导的定语从句,句子结构对称,其他结构都不平行.定从要尽量同类。ABD都有歧义，that和where不能平行
16。(In reference to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently expressed anxiety that) their prospects for being hired and promoted are being stunted by their habit.
(E) Referring to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently express anxiety that
In reference to 和 Referring to 区别？
——————————————in/with reference to sb/sth esp commerce 尤用於商业) about or concerning sb/sth 关於某人[某事物]: 与Referring to 意思差不多.
但是我觉得这里用Referring to 更好,因为逻辑主语和主句的主语一致.in reference to太复杂了
17。（Like） many self-taught artists, Perle Hessing did not begin to paint until she was well into middle age.
(A) Like
(B) As have
(C) Just as with
(D) Just like
(E) As did
烦请分析一下D、E。
————————————应该是A
d中just是不必要的，这种都算wordy。just是弱语气词，原句没有，加了算有效性错误，如果没有A选项的可以选D。E.逻辑错误，因为主句是did not，前面用了did就表示大多数自学成才的艺术家和P.H.相反了。而且as单独用常表示状语从句，有歧义。
like A，B do/don''t ； A，B的肯定否定一致，即如果A这么干，B也这么干；如果A不这么干，B也不这么干
As A do, B don''t ；表示A是这么干的，但B不是这么干的。
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18。The lawyer for the defense charged that she suspected the police of having illegally taped her confidential conversations with her client and then used the information obtained to find evidence supporting their murder charges.
A) used the information obtained to find evidence supporting
B) used such information as they had obtained to find evidence supporting
C) used the information they had obtained to find evidence that would support
D) of using the information they had obtained to find evidence that would support
E) of using such information as they obtained to find evidence that would be supportive of
————————————————此题应选A。
应 biandy 之问，‘OF’能不能省的问题要看具体情况而定，有时不能省，有时不能要，有时可省可留。
此题中就绝对不能有‘OF’。加了‘OF’，句意发生了改变，表示‘LAWYER’他‘SUSPECTED’了两回，先SUSPECT警方illegally taped her confidential conversations with her client ，然后又SUSPECT警方used the information obtained to find evidence supporting their murder charges。
正确的理解是他一次性SUSPECT警方两件事：illegally taped her confidential conversations with her client and then used the information obtained to find evidence supporting their murder charges. 这里用‘THEN’连接两件事，显得自然、流畅并简洁。C选项从纯语法的角度讲也是可以的，但不够简洁。简洁是GMAT语法改错里的一项原则，能用三言两语说清楚的事，绝不用四言五语。感觉D选项的逻辑也有一些问题，如果按D的说法，这个句子的意思应该“这个律师怀疑警察非法录音，然后又怀疑他们用得到的信息找证据。”而从逻辑上讲律师怀疑的问题应该是一个整体的，因此，我觉得A选项更好一些。
19. For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
(C) protecting
以上是OG中相连的两道题，偶就搞不懂了，为啥39 中就不能用 a method 做引导词呢，38为啥可以用finding 引导呢？
困惑~~~
————————————————equipment不是一种method,use of the equipment 才是一种method,用protecting直接修饰equipment来表示它的作用.
20。Alaska regularly deposits some of its profits from
the sale of oil into a special （fund, with the intention
to sustain the state''s economy after the exhaustion
of its oil reserves）.
(C) fund intended to sustain the state''s economy
after oil reserves are exhausted
with the intention to和 intended to有什么区别呢？
——————————————with the intention to(名词形式)没有intended to(动词形式)简捷,用后者.
20. Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer, bringing to 34 the number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975.
(A)bringing
(B)and brings
(C)and it brings
(D)and it brought
(E)and brought
选A还是选E呢？这里since引导的时间转语从句，前面为什么不用having brought或have brought呢？
——————————————当然是选A了，动词连续结构优先呗。另外，就是bringing和left是同时发生的没有先后概念的。现在分词短语bringing。。。表示伴随结果，（可以不用完成时态），其后的since 结构是正确的。
22。The cameras of the Voyager II spacecraft detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus, DOUBLING TO TWELVE THE NUMBER OF SATELLITES NOW KNOWN TO ORBIT THE DISTANT PLANET.
大写部分为改错后的答案，请问，此外的DOUBLING　现在分词的逻辑主语并不是THE　CAMERAS，为什么可以对呢？
——————————————不是因果，而是伴随结果。这里是说前面整句话描述的内容造成了doubling的后果，而GMAT中没有词可以指代整句话。OG上也有类似的题。
23。The colorization of black-and-white films by
computers is defended by those who own the film rights, for the process can mean increased revenues for them; many others in the film industry, however, contend that the technique degrades major works of art, which they liken to putting lipstick on a Greek statue.
(A)which they liken to putting lipstick on a Greek statue
(B)which they liken to a Greek statue with lipstick put on it
(C)which they liken to lipstick put on a Greek statue
(D)likening it to a Greek statue with lipstick put on it
(E)likening it to putting lipstick on a Greek statue
答案是E，可是E中的it, 之前有两个单数名词art, technique, 这样的话代词的指代不是不唯一了吗？ 就算是就近指代，也应该指代art呀，可是指代art, 逻辑上与说不同啊？
——————————————代词不是就近指代，代词指代查找顺序是主语--宾语--仅仅修饰的短语中的名词（参见白勇语法笔记），本题中的it指代technique.
24。that定语从句与ing 结构的区别。　　
It seems likely that a number of astronomical phwnomena,such as the formation of planwtary nebulas,(are caused by the interaction of two stars orbiting each other ) at close range.为OG中的正确选项
在解释答案C，are because of the interaction between two stars that orbit each other 时说除了because 用法错误外，the prase "two stars that orbit each other" illogically suggests that there are two particular stars causing all the phenomena in question,rather than various sets of stars in various locations.
为什么这里用了that 定语从句就表示特指，而ING结构则没有该含义？
——————————————that定语从句是限定性修饰，--ing是非限定性修饰。ing形式一般是表示伴随,伴随状态或者是结果,可以理解为非限制性定语从句.限制性的定语从句把原句的意思改变了.