问两道补充材料的逻辑……

17. Companies considering new cost-cutting manufacturing processes often compare the projected results of making the investment against the alternative of not making the investment with costs, selling prices, and share of market remaining constant.

Which of the following, assuming that each is a realistic possibility, constitutes the most serious disadvantage for companies of using the method above for evaluating the financial benefit of new manufacturing processes?

(A) The costs of materials required by the new process might not be known with certainty. (B) In several years interest rates might go down, reducing the interest costs of borrowing money to pay for the investment. (C) Some cost-cutting processes might require such expensive investments that there would be no net gain for many years, until the investment was paid for by savings in the manufacturing process. (D) Competitors that do invest in a new process might reduce their selling prices and thus take market share away from companies that do not. (E) The period of year chosen for averaging out the cost of the investment might be somewhat longer or shorter, thus affecting the result.

这道题答案是D. 谁能解释一下其中的逻辑关系啊？我选的是C，其实我觉得c也很怪，但是至少比d强就选了，也问一下：）

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20. The following proposal to amend the bylaws of an organization was circulated to its members for comment.

When more than one nominee is to be named for an office, prospective nominees must consent to nomination and before giving such consent must be told who the other nominees will be.

Which of the following comments concerning the logic of the proposal is accurate if it cannot be known who the actual nominees are until prospective nominees have given their consent to be nominated?

(A) The proposal would make it possible for each of several nominees for an office to be aware of who all of the other nominees are. (B) The proposal would widen the choice available to those choosing among the nominees. (C) If there are several prospective nominees, the proposal would deny the last nominee equal treatment with the first. (D)The proposal would enable a prospective nominee to withdraw from competition with a specific person without making that withdrawal known. (E) If there is more than one prospective nominee, the proposal would make it impossible for anyone to become a nominee.

答案是e. 哪位nn能帮忙翻译一下。不明白其中的逻辑关系。谢谢了：）