蓝皮书 Page 520 第86题
Hardin argued that grazing land held in common (that is, open to any user) would always be used less carefully than private grazing land. Each rancher would be tempted to overuse common land because the benefits would accrue to the individual, while the costs of reduced land quality that results from overuse would be spread among all users. But a study comparing 217 million acres of common grazing land with 433 million acres of private grazing land showed that the common land was in better condition. 86. Which of the following, if true and known by the ranchers, would best help explain the results of the study? (A) With private grazing land, both the costs and the benefits of overuse fall to the individual user. (B) The cost in reduced land quality that is attributable to any individual user is less easily measured with common land than it is with private land. (C) An individual who overuses common grazing land might be able to achieve higher returns than other users can, with the result that he or she would obtain a competitive advantage. (D) If one user of common land overuses it even slightly, the other users are likely to do so even more, with the consequence that the costs to each user outweigh the benefits. (E)There are more acres of grazing land held privately than there are held in common. 正确答案: D 解释题. 解释公共牧地的情况好. 沸沸解释: D选项. 当一个放牧者稍微过度使用公共牧地, 其他人可能更加过度使用, 这样, 每个人的获得/benefit 就小于成本/costs, 这样, 公共牧地的放养就少, 所以情况好. 我的解释: 我起初觉得E更好.因为对样本提出了质疑. 但是E作为削弱可能更好些. 不过,沸沸的解释也颇为牵强啊. 你们有更好的解释和解题方法吗? | 
