In a 1918 editorial, W.E.B. Du Bois advised African Americans to stop agitating for equality and to proclaim Line their solidarity with White Americans (5) for the duration of the First World War. The editorial surprised many African Americans who viewed Du Bois as an uncompromising African American leader and a chief opponent of the (10) accommodationist tactics urged by Booker, T.Washington. In fact, however, Du Bois often shifted posi- tions along the continuum between Washington and confrontationists (15) such as William Trotter. In 1895, when Washington called on African Americans to concentrate on improving their communities instead of oppos- ing discrimination and agitating for (20) political rights, Du Bois praised Washington’s speech. In 1903, however, Du Bois aligned himself with Trotter, Washington’s militant opponent, less for ideological reasons (25) than because Trotter had described to him Washington’s efforts to silence those in the African American press who opposed Washington’s positions. (30) reflected not a change in his long-term goals but rather a pragmatic response in the face of social pressure: government officials had threatened African American journalists with (35) censorship if they continued to voice grievances. Furthermore, Du Bois believed that African Americans’ contributions to past war efforts had brought them some legal and political (40) advances. Du Bois’ accommoda- tionism did not last, however. Upon learning of systematic discrimination experienced by African Americans in the military, he called on them to “return fighting” from the war.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q 25: According to the passage, which of the following is true of the strategy that Du Bois’ 1918 editorial urged African Americans to adopt during the First World War?
A. It was a strategy that Du Bois had con- sistently rejected in the past. B. It represented a compromise between Du Bois’ own views and those of Trotter. C. It represented a significant redefinition of the long-term goals Du Bois held prior to the war. D. It was advocated by Du Bois in response to his recognition of the discrimination faced by African Americans during the war. E. It was advocated by Du Bois in part because of his historical knowledge of gains African Americans had made during past wars. Answer: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26. The passage is primarily concerned with A. identifying historical circumstances that led Du Bois to alter his long-term goals. B. defining “accommodationism” and show- ing how Du Bois used this strategy to achieve certain goals C. accounting for a particular position adopted by Du Bois during the First World War. D. contesting the view that Du Bois was sig- nificantly influenced by either Washington or Trotter. E. assessing the effectiveness of a strategy that Du Bois urged African Americans to adopt. Answer: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27. The passage indicates which of the following about Du Bois’ attitude toward Washington? A. It underwent a shift during the First World War as Du Bois became more sympa- thetic with Trotter’s views. B. It underwent a shift in 1903 for reasons Other than Du Bois’ disagreement with Washington’s accommodationist views. C. It underwent a shift as Du Bois made a long-term commitment to the strategy of accommodation. D. It remained consistently positive even Though Du Bois disagreed with Washington’s efforts to control the African American press. E. It was shaped primarily by Du Bois’ appreciation of Washington’s pragmatic approach to the advancement of the interests of African Americans. 没有太明白文章的意思．．．． In most earthquakes the Earth’s crust cracks like porcelain, Stress builds up until a fracture forms at a line depth of a few kilometers and the crust (5) slips to relieve the stress. Some earthquakes, however, take place hun- dreds of kilometers down in the Earth’s mantle, where high pressure makes rock so ductile that it flows instead of (10) cracking, even under stress severe enough to deform it like putty. How can there be earthquakes at such depths? That such deep events do occur has been accepted only since 1927. (15) when the seismologist Kiyoo Wadati convincingly demonstrated their exis- tence. Instead of comparing the arrival times of seismic waves at different locations, as earlier researchers had (20) done, Wadati relied on a time differ- ence between the arrival of primary(P) waves and the slower secondary(S) waves. Because P and S waves travel at different but fairly constant (25) speeds, the interval between their arrivals increases in proportion to the distance from the earthquake focus, or initial rupture point. For most earthquakes, wadati dis- (30) covered, the interval was quite short near the epicenter; the point on the sur- face where shaking is strongest. For a few events, however, the delay was long even at the epicenter. Wadati saw (35) a similar pattern when he analyzed data on the intensity of shaking. Most earth- quakes had a small area of intense shaking, which weakened rapidly with increasing distance from the epicenter. (40) but others were characterized by a lower peak intensity, felt over a broader area. Both the P-S intervals and the intensity patterns suggested two kinds of earthquakes: the more (45) common shallow events, in which the focus lay just under the epicenter, and deep events, with a focus several hundred kilometers down. The question remained: how can (50) such quakes occur, given that mantle rock at a depth of more than 50 kilo- meters is too ductile to store enough stress to fracture? Wadati’s work sug- gested that deep events occur in areas (55) (now called Wadati-Benioff zones) where one crustal plate is forced under another and descends into the mantle. The descending rock is substantially cooler than the surrounding mantle and (60) hence is less ductile and much more liable to fracture. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30. The author’s explanation of how deep events occur would be most weakened if which of the following were discovered to be true? A. Deep events are far less common than shallow events. B. Deep events occur in places other than where crustal plates meet. C. Mantle rock is more ductile at a depth of several hundred kilometers than it is at 50 kilometers. D. The speeds of both P and S waves are slightly greater than previously thought. E. Below 650 kilometers earthquakes cease to occur. Answer: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31. information presented in the passage sug- gests that, compared with seismic activity at the epicenter of a shallow event, seismic activity at the epicenter of a deep event is characterized by A. shorter P-S intervals and higher peak intensity B. shorter P-S intervals and lower peak intensity C. longer P-S intervals and similar peak intensity D. longer P-S intervals and higher peak intensity E. longer P-S intervals and lower peak intensity. Answer: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32. The passage supports which of the following Statements about the relationship between the epicenter and the focus of an earthquake? (A) P waves originate at the focus and S waves originate at the epicenter. (B) In deep events the epicenter and the focus are reversed. (C) In shallow events the epicenter and the focus coincide (D) In both deep and shallow events the Focus lies beneath the epicenter (E) The epicenter is in the crust, whereas the focus is in the mantle. Answer: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33. The passage suggests that which of the following must take place in order for any earthquake to occur? 1.Stress must build up. 2.Cool rock must descend into the mantle. 3.A fracture must occur (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 3 only (D) 1 and 3 only (E) 1, 2, and 3 没有明白第二．三段关于深海地震的探测机制，希望能够得到大家的帮助！！ | 
