大全9-5

napoleon

Most economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market. A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter (for that matter: so far as that is concerned), established by anyone other than the aggregate ofconsumers seems pernicious. Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing (the determination of prices by the seller) as both “normal” and having a valuable economic function. In fact,price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires. Modern industrial planning requires and rewards great size. Hence, a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers. That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories. But each large firm will also act with full consideration of the needs that it has in common with the other large firms competing for the same customers. Each large firm will thus avoid significant price-cutting, because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not. Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficientmethod of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United states. These economies employ intentional price-fixing, usually in an overt fashion. Formal price-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements covering the members of an industry are commonplace. Were there something peculiarly efficient about the free market and inefficient about price-fixing, the countries that have avoided the first and used the second would have suffered drastically in their economic development. There is no indication that they have. Socialist industry also works within a framework of controlled prices. In the early 1970’s, the Soviet Union began to give firms and industries some of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informal evolution has accorded the capitalist system. Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a return to the free market. But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices established by a free market over which they exerciselittle influence than are capitalist firms; rather, Soviet firms have been given the power to fix prices. 5. The suggestion in the passage that price-fixing in industrialized societies is normal arises from the author’s statement that price-fixing is (A) a profitable result of economic development (B) an inevitable result of the industrial system (C) the result of a number of carefully organized decisions (D) a phenomenon common to industrialized and non-industrialized societies（B） (E) a phenomenon best achieved cooperatively by government and industry 请问C为什么不对？ hightlight的部分都是讲了price-fixing是经过深思熟虑的决定嘛？正确答案B的根据是蓝色部分，但是本人觉得蓝色部分是在讲美国以外的非社会主义经济的情况，只有第一段是在讨论generic的工业社会普遍状况，所以题5的答案应该在第一段定位。而且第一段在讨论normal不normal的话题（见绿色hightlight) 多谢牛牛解答！

nianbohu

我觉得你定位错了地方
In fact,price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an effortless consequence

of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires.

应该是这里

我觉得这道题应该就是靠同义转换吧

问题问的是The suggestion in the passage that price-fixing in industrialized societies is normal arises from the author’s statement that price-fixing is

就是问。。。is normal是由作者的the price-fixing is。。。。那句话得出的（大概意思就是这个）

其中绿色部分就是B

你对文章的大概框架把握应该还不够 你去搜下 有个nn人把这篇稍微分析了下 思路还蛮清晰的

一点点浅见

但我这个题目错了，没看到帖子里面有人讨论 [url=]7[/url]、According to the author, what is the result of the Soviet Union’s change in economic policy in the 1970’s?

(A) Soviet firms show greater profit.

(B) Soviet firms have less control over the free market.

(C) Soviet firms are able to adjust to technological advances.

(D) Soviet firms have some authority to fix prices.（D）

(E) Soviet firms are more responsive to the free market.

我选B，我觉得DB表达的意思差不多啊。有什么区别  不懂

[url=]7[/url]、According to the author, what is the result of the Soviet Union’s change in economic policy in the 1970’s?

(A) Soviet firms show greater profit.

(B) Soviet firms have less control over the free market.

(C) Soviet firms are able to adjust to technological advances.

(D) Soviet firms have some authority to fix prices.（D）

(E) Soviet firms are more responsive to the free market.

我选B，我觉得DB表达的意思差不多啊。有什么区别  不懂

还请各位xdjm多多支持吖

chenlencu

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文中最后一句
But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices established by a free market over which they exercise little influence than are capitalist firms; rather, Soviet firms have been given the power to fix prices.


说了苏联的公司不在受制于free market,所以不选B。而是说他们有power去定价。故选D。

kkfrancais

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文中最后一句
But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices establishe ...
chenlencu 发表于 2013-4-2 18:56

我觉得定位是在这里，更清楚的逻辑应该是稳重说苏联不受制于freemarket，并没有提及对free market缺少控制
实际上从"BUT"可以看出作者根本就不认同美国经济学家将苏联这一行动比作 a return to free market--- Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a return to the free marke, but
而后面一句Soviet firms have been given the power to fix prices与D选项的意思一样。

其实这种问题，即使没有读清楚前面关于free market的态度，从后面这句的直接相关也可以选出D来，回顾的时候尽量细，做题的时候还是要将点方法吧，不要太钻牛角尖哦