[语法资料] 作业：白勇之动词形式（1-40题），欢迎讨论。

suners

动词形式--1-10题

1. Even though the direct costs of malpractice disputes amounted to less than one percent of the $ 541 billion the nation spent on health care last year, doctor say fear of lawsuits plays a major role in health-care inflation.

关键词: health care cost last year； 过去式

主语doctor；谓语say；宾语是个从句fear of lawsuits plays a major role in health-care inflation；even though引导状语从句，里面主语the direct costs；谓语amounted to；表语less than one percent； The nation spent on health care是定语从句修饰the $ 541 billion；last year状语修饰spent。

注意: more/less/fewer vs. high/low and large/small 在描述量的大小的时候的不同修饰词。

例如： lower price vs. less money； more people vs. larger population vs. more people；less cost vs. smaller amount of cost等。
larger/smaller “XXX的量”: 例如人的量=人口 larger population, smaller amount of cost,


2. It is possible that Native Americans originally migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that once existed between Siberia and Alaska.

关键词: a bridge of land；过去式；originally

形式主语it，实际主语是that从句。谓语is，表语possible。That从句中，主语Native Americans，谓语migrated，to介词短语，over介词短语，均为状语；that once existed between Siberia and Alaska定语从句修饰a bridge of land。


3. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.

关键字：the amount of phosphates；过去完成；1972

主语A 1972 agreement，谓语reduced，宾语the amount，定语从句修饰phosphates


4. Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces twice as many apples as it did in 1910.

关键字: twice as many apples as; 过去；1910

主语the same amount of acreage，谓语produces，宾语apples，as many…as作定语。

注意: double和（grow/increase）twice as many/much as 表示两倍


5. Native American burial sites dating back 5,000 years indicate that the residents of Marine at that time were part of a widespread culture of Algoquain-speaking people.

关键字: dating back 5,000 years；过去

注意: date作为动词“确定日期”的用法

例句：
Archaeologists dated the fossil after much study .
Jurassic Park revived the visional dinosaur world dated back to more than 100 million years in Jurassic.
Articles dating back to 1997 are available on our online archive.

Back+5,000 years, 向后推多少年，Back + to 5,000 years B.C. 退到某个时间点。
和increase/reduce by 和to的区别相似。不过也查到过像题目中的dated back xxx years，但是少数。


6. After the Civil War, contemporaries of Harriet Tubman maintained that she had all the qualities of a great leader: coolness in the face of danger, an excellent sense of strategy, and an ability to plan in minute detail.

关键字: contemporaries of HT；过去；after the civil war

主语contemporaries of Harriet Tubman；谓语maintained；宾语that宾语从句

注意：表示所有格，sb.’s XXX 或者the XXX of sb. 重复就错。冒号的用法。


7. From 1982 to 1987, sales of new small boats increased between five and ten percent annually.

关键字: from 1982 to 1987；过去

主语sales；谓语increased；between…and…状语修饰increased，from…to也是状语修饰increased。

注意：BY说的随意添加实意词的错误


8. Since 1970 the number of Blacks elected to state and federal offices in the United States has almost quadrupled.


关键字: since 1970; 现在完成

主语the number；谓语has quadrupled；elected to state and federal offices in the United States定语修饰Blacks；since 1970和almost状语修饰谓语。

注意: multiply xx times; double; triple; quadruple…


9. Since 1986, when the Department of Labor began to allow fees of investment officers to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations have begun paying their investment advisers a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well.
  
关键字: fees of investment officers; began paying; 现在完成; since 1986

主语several corporations；谓语have begun paying；宾语their investment advisers；补语a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well.

注意: A’s B和B of A，在遇到代词指代时候的区别。
Allow的用法：allow sb. to do sth.; allow that; allow for noun.

vt. 5a : permit <doesn't allow people to smoke in his home>
vi. 2. : to give consideration to circumstances or contingencies —used with for <allow for expansion>



10. Founded in 1983, the magazine has since more than doubled its circulation, and its advertising.


关键字: has since； 现在完成；founded in 1983；

主语：the magazine；谓语has more than doubled；宾语its circulation and its advertising

注意： 除了通过时态判断，我认为还可以通过句子结构，正确的结构是上述主谓宾，因此必须把宾语1和宾语2连一起，不能分开，形成and its advertising没有谓语的不合理结构。

suners

动词形式--11-20题

11. As measured by the Commerce Department, corporate profits peaked in the fourth quarter of 1988 and have slipped since then, as many companies have been unable to pass on higher costs.

关键字：have slipped since then；现在完成；1988

主语corporate profits；谓语peaked and have slipped；两个as引导的状语从句，第一个修饰谓语，第二个仅仅修饰have slipped。


12. The distinctive hereditary tartants alleged to have been worn since antiquity by members of the Highland clans were in fact designed by Scottish woolen manufacturers in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

关键字：since antiquity；现在完成；in the 18th and 19th centuries

主语The distinctive hereditary tartants （居然查不到最后这个词）；谓语were designed；定语alleged to have been worn since antiquity by members of the Highland clans，修饰主语；By Scottish woolen manufacturers和in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries是状语，修were designed。

注意： allege和alleged
Vt. 2: to assert without proof or before proving <the newspaper alleges the mayor's guilt>

be alleged to do sth. 例句：The mayor is alleged to have accepted bribes.

Alleged, Adj.
1: asserted to be true or to exist <an alleged miracle>
2: questionably true or of a specified kind : supposed, so-called <bought an alleged antique vase>
3: accused but not proven or convicted <an alleged burglar>


13. The evolution of the technology of microelectronics over the past decade has been so rapid that it is sometimes called a revolution.

关键字：over the past decade；现在完成

主语the evolution；谓语has been；表语rapid；？？so…that…的句子成分？？

注意：so…that…; such…that…;so…as to…; such…as to…

例句：
GMAT is so complicated that it deserves hard work.
GMAT is such a complicated test that it deserves hard work.

GMAT is so complicated as to beat many seemingly well-prepared test-takers.
GMAT is such a complicated test as to appear easy after one’s preparation for months.

So as to
例句：One must work hard so as to beat GMAT.


14. Although the Supreme Court rule as long ago as 1880 that Blacks could not be excluded outright from jury services, nearly a century of case-by-case adjudication has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be drawn from “a fair cross section of the community.”

关键字：as long ago as 1880；现在完成；nearly a century of

主语nearly a century of case-by-case adjudication；谓语 has been necessary；状语to develop and enforce（目的状语？？此处不很确定。）

注意：be necessary to do sth.; be necessary for noun.

例句：
Oxygen is necessary for life.
Transitional sentences are necessary for connecting paragraphs.


15. Bufo Marinus toads, fierce predators that will eat frogs, lizards, and even small birds, are native to South Africa but were introduced into Florida during the 1930’s in an attempt to control pests in the state’s vast sugarcane fields.

关键字：are native to；一般现在

主语Bufo Marinus toads，同位语fierce predators that will eat frogs, lizards, and even small birds；谓语are native but were introduced；to South Africa 和into Florida分别为谓语1和2的状语？？

During…和in an attempt…仅仅为were introduced的状语。

注意：native to

例如：small wolf native to western North America.

In an attempt to

例句：
We study hard in an attempt to beat GMAT.
Some things are collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid waste.


16. If the new airboat does what it is supposed to do – travel at high speeds undeterred by sandbars, crocodile-infested mudflats, or marshy hippo haunts – it could revolutionize transport on the 2,900-mile-long Congo River.

关键字：does what it is supposed to do；一般现在；破折号

主语it（the new airboat）；谓语could revolutionize；宾语transport on the 2,900-mile-long Congo River；If引导条件状语从句；一对破折号括住插入语。

注意：be supposed to do sth.
例句：If you have done what you are supposed to do, you could have beaten GMAT.


17. A patient accusing a doctor of malpractice will find it difficult to prove damage without another doctor’s testimony about proper medical procedures.

关键字：without another doctor’s testimony

主语A patient；主语的定语accusing a doctor of malpractice；谓语will find；形式宾语：it；表语difficult；真正的宾语to prove damage。

注意：sb. accuse sb. of noun/ing

例句：
Some people accuse them of doing good things only for the positive publicity.
He is accused of theft.


18. Several senior officials spoke to the press on condition that they not be named in the story.

关键字：on condition that；条件从句

主语Several senior officials；谓语spoke to；宾语the press；状语on condition that…

注意：on condition that

例句：
He was released on condition that he had no contact with adolescents.
I will go abroad on condition that my husband goes with me


19. If the proposed expenditures for gathering information abroad are reduced even further, international news reports will continue to diminish in number and quality.

关键字：continue to；If条件从句

主语international news reports；谓语will continue to diminish；

注意：continue表示之前已经发生了，必须省略那些和continue重复的。


20. A study commissioned by the Department of Agriculture showed that if calves exercise and associate with other calves, they require less medication and gain weight more quickly than those raised in confinement.

关键字：if calves exercise

主语：A study；谓语shows；宾语that宾语从句；

宾语从句中，主语：they (calves)；谓语require和gain；宾语less medication和weight；

注意：than从句里省略了do

bigpig

不错不错，感谢分享呀

hero_zolo

赞一个

suners

动词形式--21-30题


21. A wildlife expert predicts that the reintroduction of the caribou into the northern Minnesota will fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is greater than one wolf for every 39 square miles.

关键字：predicts that；一般将来

主语A wildlife expert；谓语predicts 宾语that从句；从句中主语the reintroduction of the caribou；谓语will fail；if引导条件状语从句。

注意：if和provided的用法；greater density

BY大黄勘误：D选项应该是“will fail…”



22. The bank holds $ 3 billion in loans that are seriously delinquent or in such trouble that it does not expect payments to be made when they are due.

关键字：such…that；expect that；一般现在

主语The bank；谓语 holds；宾语 $ 3 billion；that定语从句修饰loans

注意：such…that…；payments的复数谓语动词



23. No less remarkable than the development of the compact disc has been the use of the new technology to revitalize, in better sound than was ever before possible, some of the classic recorded performances of the pre-LP era.

关键字：倒装；than was ever before possible；比较结构中的形式对称

主语：the use of the new technology；to revitalize…定语；状语in better sound than was ever before possible修饰to revitalize；表语No less remarkable；

注意：
no adj. 比较级 than B be A…；
例句：No less difficult than GRE has been GMAT that traps numerous test takers every year.

what引导名词性从句

例句：What is most nerve-racking in GMAT has been its Verbal section that emphasizes effective reading and critical reasoning.



24. If Dr. Wade is right, any apparent connection between eating of highly processed foods and excelling at sports is purely coincidental.

关键字：if；一般现在；平行对称； 形容词位置在名词前

主语any apparent connection；谓语is；表语coincidental；

注意：connection between A and B

例句：Is there a connection between smoking and lung cancer?



25. Referring to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently express anxiety that their prospects for being hired and promoted are being stunted by their habit.

关键字：current；be going to；将来

主语smokers；谓语express；宾语 anxiety；that引导同位语从句

注意：
the hostility towards sth./ing;
例句：The hostility that many Americans felt toward Freud is real.

(one’s) prospect(s) (of sb./sth.) for ing
例句：
She is a good prospect for the national team.
General situation and prospect of traditional Chinese medicine therapy for periodontal disease

In reference to; referring to
例句：
Charles Darwin, in “The Descent of Man”, noted that “neither the enjoyment nor the capacity of producing musical notes are faculties of the least direct use to man in reference to his ordinary habits of life.” (Source: TE)

I am referring to practice, to action.

Anxiety about
例句：
Your anxiety about the future is unnecessary.
I am anxious about her safety.



26. Some buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake last year had been constructed in violation of the city’s building code.

关键字：were damaged；had been constructed；过去完成；所有格the city’s

主语Some buildings；that定语从句修饰主语；谓语had been constructed；

注意：in violation of sth.
例如：In violation of a natural law； A serious offense, especially one in violation of morality.



27. Reporting that one of its many problems had been the recent extended sales slump in women’s apparel, the seven-store retailer said it would start a three-month liquidation sale in all of its stores.

关键字：said it would start；过去；过去完成；one of its many problems

主语the seven-store retailer；谓语said；宾语从句it would start a three-month liquidation sale in all of its stores



28. In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines are priced to sell, and they do.

关键字：分号；主谓结构；
主语1- Italian vintners；谓语1- have cut 宾语- prices
主语2- their wines；谓语2- are priced to sell和do=sell

注意：
sell的用法；商品+sell;

in an effort to (还记得in an attempt to do 吗？？)
例句：The scandal was hushed up in an effort to save face.



29. Although early soap operas were first aired on evening radio in the 1920’s, they were moved to the daytime hours in the 1930’s when the evening schedule became crowded with comedians and variety shows.

关键字：were first ed分词

主语 early soap operas；谓语were moved；to the daytime hours in the 1930’s状语修饰were moved；when…状语；Although引导让步

注意：
影视产品be aired；

sth. be crowded with sth.
例句： His mind was crowded with whys.



30. Natural gas, the United States’ second biggest fuel source after crude oil, is supplied almost exclusively from reserves in North America.

关键字：同位语 vs. being

主语Natural gas；同位语the United States’ second biggest fuel source after crude oil；谓语is supplied；状语from... North America

myice

太赞了

suners

动词形式—31-40题

31. A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as hazardous substances, but many of them can be harmful to health, especially if they are used improperly.

关键字：GMAT正确答案避免了指代的逻辑错误；主动语态优于被动

But连接两套主谓结构：
1.    主语：a consumer；谓语may not think of；宾语household cleaning products；宾语的补语as hazardous substances
2.    主语many of them (products)；谓语can be；表语harmful

注意：
有逻辑指代错误进而会引起歧义的，是错误的选项；避免了歧义的，是正确的方向。

Think of sth. as…

例句：
His proposal is think of as practical.
I think of Paris as a city of romance.



32. The Gorton-Dodd bill requires that a bank disclose to its customers how long it will delay access to funds from deposited checks.

关键字：requires that a bank disclose；虚拟语气；主动vs. 被动

主语The Gorton-Dodd bill；谓语requires；宾语that从句

注意：require sb. to do sth.

Require that 必须使用虚拟语气
例句：Require that all cash receipts be deposited in the bank.

Require of sb. that 虚拟语气



33. According to United States Air Force officials, a cannon that shoots dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful in demonstrating what kind of damage can result when jets fly into a flock of large birds.

关键字：cannon that shoots dead chickens；定语从句 vs. ing分词作定语

主语a cannon；谓语has proved；表语helpful；that shoots dead chickens at airplanes定语从句修饰主语；in demonstrating表语的补语？？？？？？demonstrating后面应是省略了that吧，引出一个主谓结构——what kind of damage是what引导的名词性从句，作主语，can result是谓语；when…状语。

注意：prove+ (to be) + Adj.; prove oneself Adj.; prove sth.; prove sb. ;

例句：
She prove herself innocent.
Time will prove me (to be) right.
He produces document to prove his claim.



34. Japan used the huge sums of capital it received from the United States after the Second World War to help build a modern industrial system.

关键字：huge sums of capital it received是复数名词；两套主谓的合一

主语Japan；谓语used；宾语the huge sums of capital；定语it received from the United States after the Second World War；to help是状语，表示目的？？？？



35. In the late seventh century, in a dispute over whether the Prophet Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali, should carry on as the fourth caliph, Muhammad’s successor, Islam split into two branches, the Sunnis and the Shiites.

关键字：同位语；whether；

主语Islam；谓语 split；状语 into two branches
the Prophet Muhammad’s son-in-law《《===Ali（同位语）
caliph《《===Muhammad’s successor（同位语）
two branches《《== the Sunnis and the Shiites（同位语）

注意：用over和about表示“关于”，优选。

Whether可以有or not也可以没有



36. Wisconsin, Illinois, Florida, and Minnesota have begun to enforce statewide bans prohibiting landfills from accepting leaves, brush, and grass clippings.

关键字：bans prohibiting…from ing分词

主语：Wisconsin, Illinois, Florida, and Minnesota；谓语have begun to enforce；宾语statewide bans；prohibiting是什么形式修饰什么还不太确定？？？伴随？？定语？？修饰bans？？

注意：prohibit sb./sth. from ing

例句：
I fear that a prior engagement will prohibit me from joining you in dinner.
Common decency would prohibit me from doing so.



37. Few people realize that the chance of accidental injury or death may be at least as great in the “safety” of their own homes as in a plane or on the road.

关键字：as great in the “safety” as in；平行；情态动词may

主语：few people；谓语realize；宾语that宾语从句；从句中，主语the chance；谓语may be；表语as great  

注意：GMAT中意用great来形容chance这样表示可能性的名词。



38. Despite protests from some waste-disposal companies, state health officials have ordered that the levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches be measured and the results published.

关键字：order that be；形式对称；并列句的be/become省略

主语state health officials；谓语have ordered；宾语that从句

注意：order的用法

例句：
A written order directing that such lodging be provided.
An order went forth that all prisoners should be killed.



39. A President entering the final two years of a second term is likely to be at a severe disadvantage and is often unable to carry out a legislation program.

关键字：is likely and is often; unable

主语A President；谓语--两个--is likely to be and is； unable是谓语2的表语；

注意：unable vs. cannot; able vs. can

例句：
Clare nodded, temporarily unable to speak.
Humanity cannot tolerate that guilt.
I'm able to talk loud.
You can talk loud here.



40. Artificial intelligence emerged during the late 1950’s as an academic discipline based on the assumption that computers could be programmed to think like people.

关键字：could be；

主语Artificial intelligence；谓语emerged；表语as an academic discipline；状语based on the assumption that computers could be programmed to think like people；that…是assumption的同位语。

注意：从句可以省略动词，保留助动词或情态动词

xixier

辛苦了

Betterthanme

many thanks

ssky

O(∩_∩)O谢谢