大豆

大全-18-8.        Consumers in California seeking personal loans have fewer banks to turn to than do consumers elsewhere in the United States. This shortage of competition among banks explains why interest rates on personal loans in California are higher than in any other region of the United States.
Which of the following, if true, most substantially weakens the conclusion above?
(A) Because of the comparatively high wages they must pay to attract qualified workers, California banks charge depositors more than banks elsewhere do for many of the services they offer.
他因削弱(不是因为缺少竞争,而是支付高工资的需要)
(B) Personal loans are riskier than other types of loans, such as home mortgage loans, that banks make.无关对比点
(C) Since bank deposits in California are covered by the same type of insurance that guarantees bank deposits in other parts of the United States, they are no less secure than deposits elsewhere.
(D) The proportion of consumers who default on their personal loans is lower in California than in any other region of the United States.(A)
(E) Interest rates paid by California banks to depositors are lower than those paid by banks in other parts of the United States because in California there is less competition to attract depositors.
原文讲的是贷款利率,E存款利率是无关的.

大豆

大全-18-14.        Surveys indicate that 52 percent of all women aged eighteen to sixty-five are in the labor force (employed outside the home) in any given month. On the basis of these surveys, a market researcher concluded that 48 percent of all women aged eighteen to sixty-five are full-time homemakers year-round.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the researcher’s conclusion?
(A) More women are in the labor force today than during any other period since the Second World War.
(B) Many workers, both men and women, enter and exit the labor force frequently.
说明不是year-round的.
(C) Although only a small sample of the total population is surveyed each month, these samples have been found to be a reliable indicator of total monthly employment.
(D) Surveys show that more women than ever before consider having a rewarding job an important priority.(B)
(E) Women who are in the labor force have more discretionary income available to them than do women who are not.

大豆

大全-18-16.        After observing the Earth’s weather patterns and the 11-year sunspot cycle of the Sun for 36 years, scientists have found that high levels of sunspot activity precede shifts in wind patterns that affect the Earth’s weather. One can conclude that meteorologists will be able to improve their weather forecasts based on this information.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Weather forecasts are more detailed today than they were 36 years ago.
(B) Scientists can establish that sunspot activity directly affects the Earth’s weather.
(C) Evidence other than sunspot activity has previously enabled meteorologists to forecast the weather conditions that are predictable on the basis of sunspot activity.
sunspot activities à wind patterns à weather.
So B and E support.
A and D are irrelevant.
C says Not (sunspot activities) à weather. So weaken
(D) Scientists have not determined why the sunspot activity on the Sun follows an 11-year cycle.(C)
(E) It has been established that predictable wind patterns yield predictable weather patterns.

大豆

大全-16-6.        Demographers doing research for an international economics newsletter claim that the average per capita income in the country of Kuptala is substantially lower than that in the country of Bahlton. They also claim, however, that whereas poverty is relatively rare in Kuptala, over half the population of Bahlton lives in extreme poverty. At least one of the demographers’ claims must, therefore, be wrong.
文章提到了demographer两个看似矛盾的claim，得出结论二者必有一个是错的，题目的意思就是weaken这个结论，也就是看似矛盾的two claims共存这个现象是可以解释的。
The argument above is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms?
(A) It rejects an empirical claim about the average per capita incomes in the two countries without making any attempt to discredit that claim by offering additional economic evidence.
reject an empirical claim 与文章不符，文章没有提到要拒绝这个claim
(B) It treats the vague term “poverty” as though it had a precise and universally accepted meaning.
(C) It overlooks the possibility that the number of people in the two countries who live in poverty could be the same even though the percentages of the two populations that live in poverty differ markedly.
人数上的相等不能解释矛盾。There are two parts in the question: 1. per capita income 2. rare poverty and 50% poverty. C only explains the second half of the question. It does nothing to connect the two parts. Only E connects the two and explains why the two are compatible.
(D) It fails to show that wealth and poverty have the same social significance in Kuptala as in Bahlton. (E)   social significance 无关项
(E) It does not consider the possibility that incomes in Kuptala, unlike those in Bahlton, might all be very close to the country’s average per capita income.
Kuptala收入比较平均，也暗示Bahlton收入差大，这样少数的富人，就可能使平均收入变高。

大豆

大全-16-8.        The recent decline in land prices has hurt many institutions that had invested heavily in real estate. Last year, before the decline began, a local college added 2,000 acres to its holdings. The college, however, did not purchase the land but received it as a gift. Therefore the price decline will probably not affect the college.
Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the conclusion above?
(A) The 2,000 acres that the college was given last year are located within the same community as the college itself.
(B) The college usually receives more contributions of money than of real estate.
(C) Land prices in the region in which the college is located are currently higher than the national average.
(D) Last year, the amount that the college allocated to pay for renovations included money it expected to receive by selling some of its land this year.
(E) Last year, the college paid no property taxes on land occupied by college buildings but instead paid fees to compensate the local government for services provided.

大豆

大全-16-10.        Some species of dolphins find their prey by echolocation; they emit clicking sounds and listen for echoes returning from distant objects in the water. Marine biologists have speculated that those same clicking sounds might have a second function: particularly loud clicks might be used by the dolphins to stun their prey at close range through sensory overload.
close in (on sb/sth)：come nearer and attack from several directions
Which of the following, if discovered to be true, would cast the most serious doubt on the correctness of the speculation described above?
(A) Dolphins that use echolocation to locate distant prey also emit frequent clicks at intermediate distances as they close in on their prey.
(B) The usefulness of echolocation as a means of locating prey depends on the clicking sounds being of a type that the prey is incapable of perceiving, regardless of volume.
perceive：become aware of sb/sth., notice, observe
因为这种echolocation使用的clicking sounds是猎物无法注意到的，所以不可能stun他们
(C) If dolphins stun their prey, the effect is bound to be so temporary that stunning from far away, even if possible, would be ineffective.
(D) Echolocation appears to give dolphins that use it information about the richness of a source of food as well as about its direction.(B)
(E) The more distant a dolphin’s prey, the louder the echolocation clicks must be if they are to reveal the prey’s presence to the hunting dolphin.

大豆

大全-16-12.        The only purpose for which a particular type of tape is needed is to hold certain surgical wounds closed for ten days—the maximum time such wounds need tape. Newtape is a new brand of this type of tape. Newtape’s salespeople claim that Newtape will improve healing because Newtape adheres twice as long as the currently used tape does.
Which of the following statements, if true, would most seriously call into question the claim made by Newtape’s salespeople?
(A) Most surgical wounds take about ten days to heal.
(B) Most surgical tape is purchased by hospitals and clinics rather than by individual surgeons.
(C) The currently used tape’s adhesiveness is more than sufficient to hold wounds closed for ten days.长了也没用，原tapes已经足够使康复了，新tapes没有优势。
(D) Neither Newtape nor the currently used tape adheres well to skin that has not been cleaned(C)
(E) Newtape’s adhesion to skin that has been coated with a special chemical preparation is only half as good as the currently used tape’s adhesion to such coated skin.

大豆

大全-16-16.        The recent upheaval in the office-equipment retail business, in which many small firms have gone out of business, has been attributed to the advent of office equipment “superstores” whose high sales volume keeps their prices low. This analysis is flawed, however, since even today the superstores control a very small share of the retail market.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument that the analysis is flawed?
(A) Most of the larger customers for office equipment purchase under contract directly from manufacturers and thus do not participate in the retail market.
大部分大客户直接从生产商那里购买，不参与零售市场。无关
(B) The superstores’ heavy advertising of their low prices has forced prices down throughout the retail market for office supplies.是宣传低价的广告迫使零售商降价的。
(C) Some of the superstores that only recently opened have themselves gone out of business.
(D) Most of the office equipment superstores are owned by large retailing chains that also own stores selling other types of goods.(B)
(E) The growing importance of computers in most offices has changed the kind of office equipment retailers must stock.

大豆

大全-15-4.        Some anthropologists study modern-day societies of foragers in an effort to learn about our ancient ancestors who were also foragers. A flaw in this strategy is that forager societies are extremely varied. Indeed, any forager society with which anthropologists are familiar has had considerable contact with modern nonforager societies.
一些人类学家为了解古代游牧祖先而研究现代游牧社会,这个方法有个错误就是游牧社会变化极大.事实上,任何人类学家所熟悉的游牧社会(现代的)都与现代非游牧社会有大量接触.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the criticism made above of the anthropologists’ strategy?
(A) All forager societies throughout history have had a number of important features in common that are absent from other types of societies.
历史上所有的游牧社会都有一些共有的重要特征, 而这些特征是其它社会所没有的.(说明可以研究现代游牧社会以了解古代游牧社会)
(B) Most ancient forager societies either dissolved or made a transition to another way of life.
很多游牧社会要么解散要么转换成了另一种生活方式, 无关.
(C) All anthropologists study one kind or another of modern-day society.
(D) Many anthropologists who study modern-day forager societies do not draw inferences about ancient societies on the basis of their studies.(E) Even those modern-day forager societies [that have not had significant contact with modern societies] are importantly different from ancient forager societies.
即使那些与非游牧社会没有大量接触的现代游牧社会,也与古代游牧社会有很大差别. 支持.

大豆

大全-15-6.        Advertisement: For sinus pain, three out of four hospitals give their patients Novex. So when you want the most effective painkiller for sinus pain, Novex is the one to choose.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the advertisement’s argument?
(A) Some competing brands of painkillers are intended to reduce other kinds of pain in addition to sinus pain.
(B) Many hospitals that do not usually use Novex will do so for those patients who cannot tolerate the drug the hospitals usually use.
(C) Many drug manufacturers increase sales of their products to hospitals by selling these products to the hospitals at the lowest price the manufacturers can afford.
(D) Unlike some competing brands of painkillers, Novex is available from pharmacies without a doctor’s prescription.(E) In clinical trials Novex has been found more effective than competing brands of painkillers that have been on the market longer than Novex.