| Question 1-9
Composers today use a wider variety of sounds than ever before, including many
that were once considered undesirable noises. Composer Edgard Varese (1883-1965)
called thus the "liberation of sound...the right to make music with any and all sounds."
Line Electronic music, for example—made with the aid of computers, synthesizers, and
(5) electronic instruments—may include sounds that in the past would not have been
considered musical. Environmental sounds, such as thunder, and electronically generated
hisses and blips can be recorded, manipulated, and then incorporated into a musical
composition. But composers also draw novel sounds from voices and nonelectronic
instruments. Singers may be asked to scream, laugh, groan, sneeze, or to sing phonetic
(10) sounds rather than words. Wind and string players may lap or scrape their instruments.
A brass or woodwind player may hum while playing, to produce two pitches at once;a
pianist may reach inside the piano to pluck a string and then run a metal blade along it. In
the music of the Western world, the greatest expansion and experimentation have involved
percussion instruments, which outnumber strings and winds in many recent compositions.
(15) Traditional percussion instruments are struck with new types of beaters; and instruments
that used to be couriered unconvennonal in Western music—tom-toms, bongos,
slapsticks, maracas—are widelv used.
In the search for novel sounds, increased use has been made in Western music of
Microtones.Non-Western music typically divides and interval between two pitches more
(20) finely than Western music does, thereby producing a greter number of distinct tones,
or micro tones, within the same interval. Composers such as Krzysztof Pmderecki create
sound that borders on electronic noise through tone clusters—closely spaced tones played
together and heard as a mass, block, or band of sound. The directional aspect of sound has
taken on new importance as well Loudspeakers or groups of instruments may be placed
(25) at opposite ends of the stage, in the balcony, or at the back and sides of the auditorium.
Because standard music notation makes no provision for many of these innovations,
recent music scores may contain graphlike diagrams, new note shapes and symbols, and
novel ways of arranging notation on the page.
8. According to the passage, which of the
following would be considered traditional
elements of Western music?
(A) Microtones
(B) Tom-toms and bongos
(C) Pianos
(D) Hisses
我选B， 15－17行不是提到了么tradional 了么？
但是答案是C
9. In paragraph 3, the author mentions diagrams
as an example of a new way to
(A) chart the history of innovation in musical
notation
(B) explain the logic of standard musical
notation
(C) design and develop electronic instruments
(D) indicate how particular sounds should be
produced
我选的C，答案是D | 
