GWD-CR解析-conclusion，有归纳题、推论题、过渡条件题，exception题

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GWD-3-Q20:
Shipping Clerk:  The five specially ordered shipments sent out last week were sent out on Thursday.  Last week, all of the shipments that were sent out on Friday consisted entirely of building supplies, and the shipping department then closed for the weekend.  Four shipments were sent to Truax Construction last week, only three of which consisted of building supplies.
上周周四，5批特殊订货发出                          逆否命题：给TC的货有一批不
上周周五，发出的全部是建筑用品                               在周五发
上周T只有三批建筑用品发出。另一批不是建筑用品
If the shipping clerk’s statements are true, which of the following must also be true?

A.        At least one of the shipments sent to Truax Construction last week was specially ordered.文章没提T有特殊订货
B.        At least one of last week’s specially ordered shipments did not consist of building supplies.建筑用品和特殊订货之间的关系未涉及，这里说是包含关系。
C.        At least one of the shipments sent to Truax Construction was not sent out on Thursday of last week.不一定。可以周四发
D.        At least one of the shipments that were sent out on Friday of last week was sent to Truax Construction. T有建筑用品发出，但没有说是在周五。
E.        At least one of the shipments sent to Truax Construction last week was sent out before Friday.[E]TC的三批建筑用品可以在周五发出，也可以在其他日子发出，但是肯定有一样在周五之前发出，因为周五只有建筑用品。
注意文章的定冠词。说明上周所有的特殊订货全部是在周四发出的。所以T发出的不是建筑用品的，可能是特殊订货肯定在周四发出；也可能既不是建筑用品又不是特殊订货，且可以在其他日子发出。

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GWD-27-Q2
Electronic computer chips made of tiny silicon wafers now regularly contain millions if electronic switches.  Unfortunately, electronic switches that are this small cannot withstand intense radiation.  Micro-Mechanics plans to produce a chip that, because it uses only microscopic mechanical switches, will be invulnerable to radiation damage.  The switches will, however, be slower than electronic switches and the chip will contain only 12,000 switches.

For there to be a market for Micro-Mechanics’ chip as a result of the apparent advantage described above, each of the following would have to be true EXCEPT:

A.        There will be applications in which the speed attainable by an electronic switch is not essential. 因为新的芯片速度会减少。
B.        Switches used on electronic chips that contain only 12,000 switches are more vulnerable to radiation damage than the switches on Micro-Mechanics’ chip will be. 旧的芯片肯定比新的要脆弱。不管有多少Switches。受不了辐射的刺激的前提是太小了。
C.        There will be applications for computer chips in environments where the chips may have to survive intense radiation. 如果受强烈辐射会不会存活无所谓的话，那么这个改进也没有必要了
D.        Some devices in which computer chips will be used will have other components that will be able to function during or after exposure to radiation. D means other parts will still have to be functional, post radiation exposure, besides the chip. It is a valid assumption because if the chip is the only functional part after the radiation, then it'll be useless anyway.
E.        Manufacturers are able to protect electronic computer chips against exposure to intense radiation, where this protection is necessary.

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GWD-13-Q32*: 列出可能性选择
Macrophages are cells that play a role in the response of the immune system of mice and other mammals to invasive organisms such as bacteria.  Unlike other mice, mice that are genetically incapable of making these particular cells do not show elevated levels of nitrates when infected with bacteria.

The statements above, if true, provide the most support for which of the following conclusions?

A.        Mice that are unable either to make macrophages or to make them in sufficient numbers will protect themselves from bacterial infections in some other way.
B.        Mice that show elevated levels of nitrates can easily fight off most types of bacterial infections.（没有相关证据）
C.        In mice, macrophages play a role in the production of nitrates or inhibit a process by which nitrates are broken down or otherwise eliminated.（成为文中信息gap的过渡）
D.        When a healthy mouse becomes infected with an invasive organism, the number of macrophages in the mouse’s body decreases.
E.        Injections of nitrates into mice that lack macrophages will not enhance the ability of these animals’ immune systems to fight off infection.

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GWD-11-Q31:
People with a certain eye disorder are virtually unable to see in moderately bright light, which seems to them unbearably intense, since the cells of their retinas are overwhelmed by moderately bright light.  These people do, however, show normal sensitivity to most components of dim light.  Their retinal cells are also not excessively sensitive to red components of moderately bright light.

The information above best supports which of the following hypotheses about people with the disorder described, if they have no other serious visual problems?

A.        In all moderately dim light in which people without the disorder can read large print, people with the disorder cannot read such print.
B.        In an otherwise darkened concert hall, these people will see a dimly illuminated red exit sign more clearly than small dim white lights that mark the aisles.
C.        These people typically see more acutely at night and in dim light than do most people who do not have the disorder.
D.        Eyeglasses that are transparent to red components of light but filter out other components of light help these people see in moderately bright light.
E.        These people perceive colors other than red in the same way as do most people who do not have the disorder.

由原文看出这种眼疾有几种特征：
1. 不能承受正常亮光。2. 在昏暗亮光下与正常人无异。3. 在正常亮光下对红色感光不强。
1＋3＝D。一个能滤去除红色光外的所有其它光可以帮助被人在正常光下看东西。

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GWD-4-Q8:OG12th 原题
From 1980 to 1989, total consumption of fish in the country of Jurania increased by 4.5 percent, and total consumption of poultry products there increased by 9.0 percent.  During the same period, the population of Jurania increased by 6 percent, in part due to immigration to Jurania from other countries in the region.
鱼 上升4.5%
禽 上升9%
人口上升6%
部分是由于其他国家的移民
If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true on the basis of them?

A.        During the 1980’s in Jurania, profits of wholesale distributors of poultry products increased at a greater rate than did profits of wholesale distributors of fish.
B.        For people who immigrated to Jurania during the 1980’s, fish was less likely to be a major part of their diet than was poultry.
C.        In 1989 Juranians consumed twice as much poultry as fish.
D.        For a significant proportion of Jurania’s population, both fish and poultry products were a regular part of their diet during the 1980’s.
E.        Per capita consumption of fish in Jurania was lower in 1989 than in 1980.（4.5%/6%<1,所以比以前小；反之家禽的人均消费量增加了）