二、 阅读和听力相辅相成。
托福听力完全围绕学术场景展开,在每次测试的4到6个LECTURE中,检测内容含盖了四个大方面(Arts, Life Science, Physical Science, Social Science)的近50个TOPICS, 如cave/rock art, fish and other aquatic organisms等。由此可见,如果考生对考察点的背景知识了解很少,对和背景知识相关的学术词汇了解很少,听力过程中将会出现很大的理解障碍。例如下面这段听力材料:
There have been several influential studies in pain management. Some of the most interesting of these study endorphins, the body’s own natural painkillers. For example, we now know that exercise stimulates the production of endorphins. Lack of exercise, on the other hand, not only shuts down endorphin production, but can also lead to muscle deterioration. This is why you see a lot of pain specialists prescribing exercise for patients with chronic pain. Another interesting area involves the power of the placebo effect. We’ve known for some time that a sugar pill or other inactive placebo can sometimes make a sick person feel better. Somehow, the power of suggestion….of faith in the doctor, or the drug…will start a process of healing. We now think a neurochemical component—what may actually happen is the placebo effect allows some people to sort of tap into the supply6 of endorphins in their own brains.
当学生听到这段听力材料时,很有可能会被一些反复提到和重读的词“endorphin” “placebo”所困惑,如果对这些单词的意思及其所牵涉到的背景知识不了解,就会有种“不知所云”的感觉,进而干扰了对整体篇章的把握,对做题信心和做题质量也会有一定的影响。但如果考生阅读过关于biochemistry或medical science这些学科的一些常识内容,就应该了解“endorphin”(内啡呔)和“placebo”(安慰剂)。“endorphin”是人体自身所能产生的一种天然镇痛剂,运动可以刺激endorphin的产生,这就是为什么运动能缓解疼痛的原由所在。
通过这个例子可以看出,大量阅读各个考点学科的背景知识不仅有助于扩大考生的知识面,更重要的是可以使一些听力能力有限的考生答题更加顺畅,推理和排除选项时更有依据。所以朗阁海外考试研究中心认为,对于广大考生而言,在备考托福听力时,加大阅读量,扩大背景知识面是非常必要的,对阅读和听力两门测试都具有实际意义。 |