prep 2007 2 50 with在句首

sdcar2012

50.   
With no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no hunting, wildlife officials estimate the New Jersey deer population to have grown to exceed 175,000.

(A) With no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no hunting, wildlife officials estimate the New Jersey deer population to have
(B) With no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that do not allow hunting, wildlife officials' estimate of the deer population in New Jersey has
(C) With no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods where there is no hunting, the deer population in New Jersey, wildlife officials estimate, has
(D) Without natural predators and no hunting allowed in expanses of green suburban neighborhoods, New Jersey has a deer population that wildlife officials estimate to have
(E) Without natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods where there is no hunting, wildlife officials in New Jersey estimate a deer population that has
正确答案C

语法笔记说 with结构句首，所以主语要是deer population。

想请问：
1，with介宾在句首是否主句主语要求是逻辑主语。另外，这个with+n. and with + n. 结构所说的逻辑主语是否就是它所修饰的对象的意思？
2，如果是，那么C中 deer population并不等于deer， 刚看到前人帖子说：population可做鹿群解释，如果是做鹿群解释，那么鹿群grow to 175000似乎也不太合理，该是数字grow。

请教~ 谢谢

sdcar2012

再补充问下， estimate sth that 可以吗？ estimate sth to have也可以？ 以及，C. Wildlife officials estimate 是什么成分？

sogapink

1. 表示原因，此时不需要考虑逻辑主语，只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果)，此时需要注意逻辑主语，且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).（with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of，如prep2-193）.
3. 表示状态（此时前面需要是主系表），同样需要逻辑主语。