[转帖]With在og中的用法总结

Persephoner

前一阵在总结语法，应小郁的要求将自己的心得总结贴出来，不过本人的语法很菜，看了以后希望各位不要我身上扔菜叶，有不对的地方请大N们多指点！！

With在og中的用法总结（仅代表个人观点）:

1）with紧跟在中心词后作定语表限定修饰，例如，og141和og152中，with表限定，who表非限定；og102，with与that均表限定；og229d与og200中with表限定。

2）主语，with短语，谓语+宾语。在此种结构中，例如，og179，og205，with短语结构作为状语修饰主语，如果with结构放在句末则有歧义，不知是修饰主语还是宾语，例如og212e。

3）主语与with有逗号隔开，形式有“with短语，主句”和“主句，with”，with短语修饰主句中的主语，with表示“有”的意思，例如，og19，og158。

4）主语+谓语+宾语，with短语。with短语修饰宾语，with表示“有”的意思，例如，og114。

总结：从1）2）3）4）可以看出，with紧跟修饰语作定语时表限定，with与修饰词用逗号隔开则作为状语表示非限定，

例如og102. Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged in 1911, Scott Joplin's ragtime opera Treemonisha was not produced until 1972, sixty-one years after its completion.

(A) Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged（正确答案）

(B) Except for a concert performance with the composer himself staging it（可以推断此句中with希望与that同样表限定，此选项的错误点在staging时态问题。此外，With后可以用doing形式，不过with短语是作为副词作状语，不能修饰名词，参照og192选项D）

(E) With the exception of a concert performance with the staging done by the composer himself（表达的不简洁）

例如og78. The root systems of most flowering perennials either become too crowded, which results in loss in vigor, and spread too far outward, producing a bare center.

(C) with the result of loss of vigor, or spreading（应用with结构不存在正确性问题，只是相对resulting不简洁。而且可以推断此处with结构与which与resulting均表非限定）

(D) resulting in loss of vigor, or spread。（正确答案）

5）with短语作副词时不可以修饰名词，

例如og192. Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English. Spanish. and Italian words.

（C）to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added（正确答案）

（D）with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it （with短语作副词时不可以修饰名词。此外，having done永远不可以做后置定语修饰名词！这条可以作为绝对错误原则，排除选项！）

6）一般用法，with词组，例如crowd with（og170），along with（og 201），associated with（og 219），credit with（og 226），face with（og 247），comparison with（og 254），collision with（og 257）。

总之，with介词短语，从功能上来讲，介词短语可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等，主要看with短语在句中的位置和相对应的功能，来判断是否合乎句子的逻辑表达。

EagerBeaver

好贴！

添加一句： with 短语的逻辑主语要与句意所要表达的修饰词一致。不能有歧义。

lxj19820127

上一句中有“———”后面的例举是对vegetarian的解释和进一步说明。

而下面的那道题，如果修饰的话，with 会被理解为修饰individal，逻辑不通的。

Persephoner

The department defines a private passenger vehicle as one registered to an individual with a gross weight of less than 8,000 pounds. with的修饰造成歧义，不知with修饰individual，或vehicle，或得partment。此题可以从OG212题中得到例证。

212. The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.

(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving

(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve

The best choice, A, Also, with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufac­turing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to policy.(不管是谁with the aim 只要有两种可能性，就是有歧异)

Persephoner

我认为，ETS使用with是喜欢的原则是：

with短语表解释说明时，表非限定，此时，一般会用逗号隔开，或跳跃修饰。例如，OG114，OG179，OG205。

with短语表限定时才紧跟修饰词后。例如，OG141，OG152。

而with没有用逗号隔开时，又表示非限定的解释说明，往往就会造成修饰歧义。例如，OG212

oliviachens

QUOTE:

以下是引用wuzhongyu在2007-11-9 19:58:00的发言：

我想问一下with跳跃修饰的问题 OG104 The diet of the ordinary Greek in classical times was largely vegetarian-----vegetables, fresh cheese, oatmeal, and meal cakes, with meat as a rarity. 以前上XDF的时候老师说这里的with 可以跳跃修饰vegetarian

可是遇到了另一题 大全补充题3

The department defines a private passenger vehicle as one registered to an individual with a gross weight of less than 8,000 pounds. (A) as one registered to an individual with a gross weight of less than 8,000 pounds (B) to be one that is registered to an individual with a gross weight of less than 8,000 pounds (C) as one that is registered to an individual and that has a gross weight of less than 8,000 pounds (D) to have a gross weight less than 8,000 pounds and being registered to an individual (E) as having a gross weight of less than 8,000 pounds and registered to an individual 答案是C 我选了A 为什么这里的with就不能跳跃修饰vehicle呢？

到底with 跳跃修饰的规则是怎么样的？

第一题，XDF要跳让他们跳吧，咱不跳；这里的with meat as a rarity，是独立主格结构修饰它前面的所有的部分。

于是第二题，也就是不存在跳不跳的问题了。直接就说明with嫁给了离它最近的那个名词。

我不认为with可以往前跳过名词去修饰另一个名词；当然对于OG212例子我觉得不能认为可以充足地反驳到以上观点。

212中with the aim 首先是介词短语，介词短语放在主谓宾结构后面，会有歧义，见楼主的第2条，同样的歧义还出现在：OG263 256 262 等。

记住：介词短语既想嫁给离它最近的名词，也想嫁给前面的谓语动词，所以，看到它要小心点儿。

wangjianghua

QUOTE:

以下是引用Persephoner在2007-11-8 6:45:00的发言：

前一阵在总结语法，应小郁的要求将自己的心得总结贴出来，不过本人的语法很菜，看了以后希望各位不要我身上扔菜叶，有不对的地方请大N们多指点！！

With在og中的用法总结（仅代表个人观点）:

1）with紧跟在中心词后作定语表限定修饰，例如，og141和og152中，with表限定，who表非限定；og102，with与that均表限定；og229d与og200中with表限定。

2）主语，with短语，谓语+宾语。在此种结构中，例如，og179，og205，with短语结构作为状语修饰主语，如果with结构放在句末则有歧义，不知是修饰主语还是宾语，例如og212e。

.............

总之，with介词短语，从功能上来讲，介词短语可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等，主要看with短语在句中的位置和相对应的功能，来判断是否合乎句子的逻辑表达。

有两个地方值得讨论一下：

1、状语只修谓语，不修主语；我觉得“状语修饰主语”应改为：“介宾短语补充说明逗号前面的内容”

2、介词短语可以做主语，这可能是笔误。介宾短语不可以做主语，即使是倒装，也不能认为它是主语，同理there is a desk 这句中也不能认为there 就是主语。

CasualWalker

记住：介词短语既想嫁给离它最近的名词，也想嫁给前面的谓语动词，所以，看到它要小心点儿。

太形象生动了，记住了记住了

legendends

up,ding !!!!!!

linlin3151

many  thanks  !!!![em01]