Despite improvements in treatment for asthma, the death rate from this disease has doubled during the past decade from its previous rate. Two possible explanations for this increase have been offered. First, the recording of deaths due to asthma has become more widespread and accurate in the past decade than it had been previously. Second, there has been an increase in urban pollution. However, since the rate of deaths due to asthma has increased dramatically even in cities with long-standing, comprehensive medical records and with little or no urban pollution, one must instead conclude that the cause of increased deaths is the use of bronchial inhalers by asthma sufferers to relieve their symptoms.
79. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Urban pollution has not doubled in the past decade.
B. Doctors and patients generally ignore the role of allergies in asthma.
C. Bronchial inhalers are unsafe, even when used according to the recommended instructions.
D. The use of bronchial inhalers aggravates other diseases that frequently occur among asthma sufferers and that often lead to fatal outcomes even when the asthma itself does not.
E. Increased urban pollution, improved recording of asthma deaths, and the used of asthma deaths, and the use of bronchial inhalers are the only possible explanations of the increased death rate due to asthma.
94. When 100 people who have not used cocaine are tested forcocaine use, on average only 5 will test positive. By contrast, of every 100people who have used cocaine 99 will test positive. Thus, when a randomlychosen group of people is tested for cocaine use, the vast people is tested forcocaine use, the vast majority of those who test positive will be people whohave used cocaine.
A reasoning error in the argument is that the argument
A. attempts to infer a valuejudgment from purely factual premises.
B. attributes to every member of the population the properties of the average member of the population
C. fails to take into account whatproportion of the population have used cocaine
D. ignores the fact that somecocaine users do not test positive
E. advocates testing people forcocaine use when there is no reason to suspect that they have used cocaine
这题我只是想问B项翻成中文是什么啊。。。。读不懂啊。。。。作者: lanshi 时间: 2013-6-3 06:36
试着答一下，94 B. attributes to every member ofthe population the
properties of the average member of the population 是说用均值划给了每个
