001. The airline industry is cutting its lowest discount fares more widely, more substantially, and earlier this year than it normally does at the end of the summer, a time when travel usually decreases and the industry uses some lower fares to attract passengers.

分析：The airline industry/ is cutting its lowest discount fares/ more widely, more substantially, and earlier this year than it normally does at the end of the summer/, a time/ when travel usually decreases/ and the industry/ uses some lower fares/ to attract passengers.

内容：航空业/正在减少最低折扣所需的费用/今年比通常夏季结束时更广，更多，更早/这是一个时间/旅行通常减少/航空业用更低的费用/来吸引乘客。

解释：按照中文语序，我们习惯说，“航空业今年比通常夏季结束时更广，更多，更早地减少最低折扣所需的费用”，颠倒句序并没有影响句意的理解。

002. The aristocratic values expressed in the writings of Marguerite Yourcenar place her within the French classical tradition, as does her passionate interest in history, particularly Roman history.

分析：The aristocratic values/ expressed in the writings of Marguerite Yourcenar/ place her within the French classical tradition/, as does her passionate interest/ in history, particularly Roman history.

内容：贵族的价值观/在Marguerite Yourcenar的作品中表达出来的/让她置身于法国的古典传统/她的激情让她置身于历史中，尤其是罗马历史。

解释：这句话中最应该注意的是as does，虽然它不是实词，但是它提醒我们后面的句子和前面的是并列的关系，所以把后面句子中省略的部分补上，句意自然就清楚了。

003. Because paper of all kinds is the biggest single component of municipal trash, many municipalities have tried recycling to reduce the cost of trash disposal.

分析：Because paper of all kinds/ is the biggest single component of municipal trash/, many municipalities/ have tried recycling/ to reduce the cost of trash disposal.

内容：因为各种各样的纸/是城市垃圾中最主要的成分，所以很多城市试着回收利用它以便减少处理垃圾的费用。

解释：本句将原因提前，强调原因，这样符合中文语序很容易理解。

004. Migraine, the most debilitating common form of headache, afflicts perhaps 18 million Americans, who collectively lose 64 million workdays year and thus cost the nation $50 billion in medical expenses and lostwork time.

分析：Migraine/, the most debilitating common form of headache/, afflicts perhaps 18 million Americans/, who collectively lose 64 million workdays year/ and thus cost the nation $50 billion/ in medical expenses and lostwork time.

内容：偏头痛（Migraine）/，最令人身体虚弱的普通的头疼/折磨着大约1800万美国人，/总共一年损失6400万个工作日/并因此令国家损失500亿元/在医疗费用方面和失去的工作时间方面。

解释：Migraine意思是偏头痛，但是我们是否知道这个词的意思并不重要，因为即使知道这个词的意思我们也不知道偏头痛在医学上是怎么定义的，也就是说给我们中文我们也不能透彻的理解这个单词。对于这类词，明白就翻译出来不明白就过去。

005. Like many others of his generation of Native American leaders, Joseph Brant lived in two worlds; born into an Iroquois community and instructed in traditional Iroquois ways, he also received an education from English-speaking teachers.

分析：Like many others of his generation of Native American leaders/, Joseph Brant/ lived in two worlds/; born into an Iroquois community and instructed in traditional Iroquois ways/, he also received an education from English-speaking teachers.

内容：像其他的和他生活在同一时代的美国本地的领导人一样/，Joseph Brant/生活在两个世界里/；出生在Iroquois社会中并接受Iroquois的传统教育/，他还接受了说英语的教师的教育。

解释：这句话中有些词虽然没有翻译过来，但不影响我们对句意的理解。

006. Sales of United States manufactured goods to nonindustrialized countries rose to $167 billion in 1992, an amount that is 14 percent higher than the previous year’s figure and largely offsets weak demand from Europe and Japan.

分析：Sales of United States manufactured goods/ to nonindustrialized countries/ rose to $167 billion in 1992/, an amount/ that is 14 percent higher than the previous year’s figure/ and largely offsets weak demand /from Europe and Japan.

内容：美国制造商品的销售/到非工业化国家/增长到了1670亿美圆在1992年/一个数量/比前一年数字高14%/很大程度上抵消了低需求/在欧洲和日本。

解释：对于句中的数字，如果从记住完整句意的角度来说是应该记住的，但大脑容量有限，所以可以记住这个数字所在的位置，一旦后面的题中需要再回头找到它。

007.All-terrain vehicles have allowed vacationers to reach many previously inaccessible areas, but they have also been blamed for causing hundreds of deaths and thousands of injuries, as well as doing serious damage to the nation’s recreational areas.

分析：All-terrain
vehicles/ have allowed vacationers to reach many previously inaccessible areas/, but they have also been blamed for causing hundreds of deaths and thousands of injuries/, as well as doing serious damage/ to the nation’s recreational areas.

内容：越野车让旅行者到达很多以前不能到达的地方/，但也被批评导致成千上万人的死亡和受伤/，同样造成严重影响/对这个国家的娱乐区域。

解释：句子的意思比较简单，很容易理解。要注意，后面的部分都是越野车被批评的内容，而不是已经证实的。

008.Growing confidence in their ability to make profitable investments in the United States has led foreign investors to move from passive involvement in commercial real estate partnerships to active development of their own increasingly ambitious projects.

分析：Growing confidence/ in their ability to make profitable investments in the United States/ has led foreign investors to move/ from passive involvement in commercial real estate partnerships/ to active development of their own increasingly ambitious projects.

内容：不断增加的信心/在他们在美国投资获利的能力方面/已经导致外国投资者/从被动的参与商业房地产/到积极发展他们与日俱增的宏伟计划。

解释：这句话基本的中英文语序相差不多，很容易理解。

009. The company is negotiating to sell its profitable credit card subsidiary and plans to use money from that sale to acquire some of the mortgage-servicing operations that are being sold by troubled savings institutions.

分析：The company/ is negotiating/ to sell its profitable credit card subsidiary/ and plans to use money from that sale/ to acquire some of the mortgage-servicing operations/ that are being sold by troubled savings institutions.

内容：公司/正在谈判/卖掉赢利的信用卡附属公司/并计划用卖得的钱去获得一些抵押贷款服务公司/他们正在被陷入困境的储蓄机构卖出。

解释：正常的语序应该是“正在被陷入困境的储蓄机构卖出的抵押贷款服务公司”，颠倒句序并不影响我们对句意的理解。有些词，像：subsidiary， mortgage-servicing operations， savings institutions 等属于经济类词汇，如果不能理解其准确含义也没有关系，不影响对句意的理解。

013. According to a ruling by the state supreme court, the owner of polluted land is liable for the cleanup of the property even if the owner is not responsible for pollution that occurred before the title changed hands.

= According to a ruling by the state supreme court/, the owner of polluted land/ is liable/ for the cleanup of the property/ even if the owner is not responsible for pollution that occurred before the title changed hands.

#

014. Scientists have suggested that once every 10 million years or so a truly colossal object from space cuts through the atmosphere and slams into Earth, sending up a global pall of dust that blots out the Sun, alters the climate, and changes the course of evolution by killing off many plant and animal species.

=Scientists/ have suggested/ that once every 10 million years or so/ a truly colossal object from space/ cuts through the atmosphere and slams into Earth/, sending up a global pall of dust/ that blots out the Sun, alters the climate, and changes the course of evolution/ by killing off many plant and animal species.

#科学家曾经提出/每隔大约1000万年/一个真正巨大的太空物体/就穿过大气层并撞击地球/，引起全球性的烟幕/它阻挡了太阳，改变了气候，并改变了进化的过程/通过使很多植物和动物物种灭绝。

*这句话相对较长，也较复杂。整个句子都是科学家说出的内容，我们只要找准要琢磨的单词，就可以把句子理解成“什么怎么样”。这句话较难理解还因为它有很多生词，像Earth，因为是大写的所以指的是地球；有些动词短语如：cut through， slams into， send up， blot out 等需要理解其意思。

015. The Audubon Society and other conservation groups, concerned over what they perceive as the serious threat to the environment posed by the policies of the government, are preparing for a major political effort.

=The Audubon Society and other conservation groups/, concerned over/ whatthey perceive as the serious threat to the environment/ posed by the policies of the government/, are preparing for a major political effort.

# Audubon社团和其他谈话组织/，关注/他们认为对环境的严重威胁/由于政府政策导致的/这些主要为一个政治结果而准备。

*这句话虽然不长，却较难理解，原因是句子的主要内容，也就是concern over 后的内容比较复杂。但是我们不需要去搞清楚语法上这个句子是怎么形成的，我们只需把内容理解即可，所以不要花时间考虑语法，记住不看语法看内容。Audubon属于认识就反映不认识就过去的词类，但从后面的other conservation groups我们可以知道Audubon社团是一个谈话组织。

016. The animosity between those who regulate and those who are regulated has never been more pronounced than in recent debates over environmentalism and pollution control.

=The animosity/ between those who regulate and those who are regulated/ has never been more pronounced/ than in recent debates/ over environmentalism and pollution control.

#敌意/在管理者和被管理者之间/最激烈地表现出来/在最近的辩论中/关于环境保护主义和控制污染。

*这句话可以称之为短小精悍，句子不长，圈子却没少绕。who regulate和who are regulated，应该是两种人，也就是管理者和被管理者。has never been more…，从没有更…,也就是最…，这样的反向理解可以更好的理解句子的意思，比如双否就可以理解成肯定。

017. Some psychiatric studies indicate that among distinguished artists manic depression and major depression are ten to thirteen times more prevalent than in the population at large.

=Some psychiatric studies/ indicate/ that among distinguished artists/ manic depression and major depression/ are ten to thirteen times more prevalent/ than in the population at large.

#一些心理研究/表明/在杰出的艺术家中/躁狂抑郁症以及主要的抑郁症/高出10至13倍/比整个人口（的平均水平）。

* manic depression属于认识就反映不认识就过去的词类。根据句意at large 本来可以不琢磨，但是笔者将其加上黑体字，就是想告诉读者，英语中有很多俚语，俗语是不能靠猜测而知道其意的，这类词语要靠平时积累，不过好在GRE GMAT中这种短语并不是很多。

018. Until quite recently, American presidents lived in a world in which the public and private realms of their lives were largely separate, in which the press cooperated in maintaining the distinction, and in which Americans judged national leaders without receiving, or expecting, intimate information about them.

=Until quite recently, American presidents/ lived in a world/ in which the public and private realms of their lives/ were largely separate/, in which the press/ cooperated/ in maintaining the distinction/, and in which Americans/ judged national leaders/ without receiving, or expecting, intimate information about them.

#直到最近为止，美国总统/一直生活在这样一个世界里/在那里他们生活的公共和私人领域被大大的分开了/，在那里媒体/合作/保持这个区分/在那里美国人/评价国家领导人/不接受或期待他们的隐私。

*这句话虽然很长，但不难理解，都在说美国总统生活在什么样的世界。唯一一个难点是Until的理解。在这句话中用了live这个动词，根据Until 的使用规则，如果后面接的是延续性动词，如live，则表达动作一直进行，直到Until后的的时间为止。所以，句子的意思是美国总统以前一直生活在这样的世界中，而最近他们不在生活在这样的世界里了。

019.Intended primarily to stimulate family summer travel, the new airfare, which allows both an adult and a child to fly for the price of one ticket, also shortens the advance-purchase requirement for family travel to a minimum of seven days rather than fourteen.

=Intended primarily to stimulate family summer travel/, the new airfare/, which allows both an adult and a child to fly for the price of one ticket/, also shortens/ the advance-purchase requirement for family travel/ to a minimum of seven days rather than fourteen.

#主要为了刺激家庭暑期旅游/新的飞机票价/允许一个成人和一个孩子乘坐飞机只花一张票的钱/同时缩短家庭旅游预付要求/到最短7天而不是14天。

*句子比较简单容易理解。注意一些连接句子的短语：Intended to，rather than等。

020. New techniques in thermal-scanning photography, a process that records radiation from surface areas, have made it possible to study in greater detail than ever before the effects of calefaction, or warming, of a river.

=New techniques in thermal-scanning photography/, a process/ that records radiation from surface areas/, have made it possible/ to study in greater detail than ever before/ the effects of calefaction, or warming, of a river.

#新技术在终端扫描摄相方面/（就是）一个过程/记录表面区域的辐射/使变成可能/比以前更细微的研究/河流calefaction或变暖的结果。

*这个句子比较读起来有点别扭，原因是of短语和 made it possible 使得中英文语序不同。至于calefaction，属于认识就反映不认识就过去的词类，况且翻成中文恐怕绝大多数读者还是不知其所以然。

021. Despite its attractiveness, investing abroad can still pose big risks, ranging from the potential for political instability in some countries to the shortage of regulations to protect investors and a serious lack of information about investments in others.

=Despite its attractiveness/, investing abroad/ can still pose big risks/, ranging from the potential for political instability in some countries/ to the shortage of regulations to protect investors/ and a serious lack of information about investments in others.

#尽管有它的吸引力/，在外国投资仍然有很大风险/从政治不稳定的可能性在一些国家/到缺少管理去保护投资者/并且严重缺少信息关于在其他国家投资。

*这句话比较容易理解，注意一些连接分句的词和短语：Despite，ranging from…to 等。

022. Of all the wild animals in their area, none was more useful to the Delaware tribes than the Virginia white-tailed deer: it was a source of meat, and its hide was used for clothing, its antlers and bones for tools, and its sinews and gut for bindings and glue.

=Of all the wild animals in their area/, none was more useful to the Delaware tribes/ than the Virginia white-tailed deer/: it was a source of meat/, and its hide was used for clothing/, its antlers and bones for tools/, and its sinews and gut for bindings and glue.

#所有野生动物中在他们区域/对Delaware部落最有用的是/Virginia 白尾鹿：/它是肉的来源/它的皮可以做衣服/鹿角和骨头可以做工具/肌腱和肠子可以做捆绳和胶。

*这句话的条理很清楚，很容易理解句子的大意。但生词较多，不过根据我们的原则认识的就反映不认识的就过去，是可以理解句子的。我们可以理解成“什么可以用做什么”，反正就是在说鹿的各个部位都有用。唯一有难度的地方就是none was more… than 没有什么比它更…，也就是说它最…，反向理解。

023. Researchers at Cornell University have demonstrated that homing pigeons can sense changes in the earth’s magnetic field, see light waves that people cannot see, detect low-frequency sounds from miles away, sense changes in air pressure, and identify familiar odors.

=Researchers at Cornell University/ have demonstrated/ that homing pigeons can sense changes in the earth’s magnetic field/, see light waves that people cannot see/, detect low-frequency sounds from miles away/, sense changes in air pressure/, and identify familiar odors.

#研究人员Cornell大学的/已经证明/信鸽能够感觉变化地球磁场区域的/，看见光波人不能看到的/，探测到低频率声音从很远处/，感觉到空气压力的变化/，识别出熟悉的气味。

*这个句子条理清楚容易理解，说的就是信鸽能怎样怎样。但具体说信鸽的每种能力时中英文的语序又不一样了，所以我们就按英文的顺序来理解，理解英文语序的中文。

024. Among the reasons for the decline of New England agriculture in the last three decades were the high cost of land, the pressure of housing and commercial development, and to one another but also adopt.

=Among the reasons/ for the decline of New England agriculture/ in the last three decades/ were the high cost of land/, the pressure of housing and commercial development/, and to one another but also adopt.

#在这些原因中/ New England农业衰落的/在过去的30年中/（主要）是土地的高费用/，住房和商业的发展的压力/，不但相互之间而且怎么采用。

*句子大意很容易理解。among the reasons… were…说的就是… 的原因是…

025. Even today, a century after Pasteur developed the first vaccine, rabies almost always kills its victims unless they are inoculated in the earliest stages of the disease.

=Even today/, a century after Pasteur developed the first vaccine/, rabies/ almost always kills its victims/ unless they are inoculated in the earliest stages of the disease.

#即使今天/，Pasteur发明第一个疫苗一个世纪之后/，狂犬病/几乎总是导致受害者的死亡/除非他们接种疫苗在患病的早期。

* rabies 狂犬病，属于认识就反映不认识就过去的词类。almost always表示通常性而不是必然性。

026. As the price of gasoline rises, making alcohol distilled from cereal grain an attractive substitute, the prices of bread and livestock feed are sure to increase.

=As the price of gasoline rises/, making alcohol/ distilled from cereal grain/ an attractive substitute/, the prices of bread and livestock feed are sure to increase.

#随着汽油涨价/，使得酒精/从谷物中蒸馏提取出的/成为抢手的替代品/，面包和牲畜饲料的价格一定会上涨。

*这个句子比较简单，容易理解。As 在这里是“随着”的意思，making…a substitute 是使… 成为替代品，中间被distilled from cereal grain 分隔，所以要把这个分句看完才能明白它的意思。

027. Unlike cigarette tobacco, which yields an acid smoke, pipe tobacco, cured by age-old methods, yields an alkaline smoke too irritating to be drawn into the lungs.

=Unlike cigarette tobacco/, which yields an acid smoke/, pipe tobacco/, cured by age-old methods/, yields an alkaline smoke/ too irritating to be drawn into the lungs.

#和卷烟不同/，卷烟产生酸性的烟/，烟斗/用老方法烤的/产生碱性的烟/太刺激以至于不能吸入肺。

*这个句子是把卷烟和烟斗进行对比，用Unlike连接，比较容易理解。其中too …to句型需要注意，意思是太…以至于不能…，虽然是肯定形式却表达了否定的意思。

028. During the nineteenth century Emily Eden and Fanny Parks journeyed throughout India, sketching and keeping journals that formed the basis of news reports about the princely states they visited.

=During the nineteenth century/ Emily Eden and Fanny Parks/ journeyed throughout India/, sketching and keeping journals/ that formed the basis of news reports/ about the princely states they visited.

#在19世纪/ Emily Eden 和 Fanny Parks/游遍了印度（India）/，概述和记录游记/，它形成了新闻报道的基础/关于他们游览的贵族统治的国家。

*这个句子中有人名和地名，这类专有词汇认识就反映不认识过去，对理解句意没有影响。有些单词看似简单，实际需要仔细琢磨。比如：journal 这个词既有日记的意思也有游记的意思，而联系上下文我们发现还是游记的意思符合上下文，所以选择了这个意项。遇到多义词要联系上下文选择合适的意思。

029. School integration plans that involve busing between suburban and central-city areas have contributed, according to a recent study, to significant increases in housing integration, which, in turn, reduces any future need for busing.

=School integration plans/ that involve busing between suburban and central-city areas/ have contributed/, according to a recent study/, to significant increases in housing integration/, which, in turn/, reduces any future need for busing.

#学校合并计划/涉及到坐公共汽车从城郊到市中心/已经建立/根据最近的一个调查/，随着房屋合并的大量增加/，房屋合并，反过来/，减少了将来对于乘公共汽车的需要。

*这个句子比较难理解，因为一个意思没表达完又加入了另一个意思，也就是常说的插入。这就需要我们理清句子的主线，抓住句子的主要内容。

030. The commission acknowledged that neither vast amounts of money nor a large staff can ensure the safety of people who live in the vicinity of a nuclear plant, but it approved the installation because it believed that all reasonable precautions had been taken.

= The commission/ acknowledged/ that neither vast amounts of money nor a large staff/ can ensure the safety of people/ who live in the vicinity of a nuclear plant/, but it approved the installation/ because it believed/ that all reasonable precautions had been taken.

#委员会/知道/即使有大量的金钱和工作人员也不能/确保人民的安全/住在核工厂周围的/，但是委员会还是批准建立工厂/因为他们认为/所有合理的保护措施都已经采取了。

*这个句子比较长，但是条理很清楚。一个but，蕴涵着强烈的讽刺意味，委员会明知道…还是…。理解好细节这个句子还是不难理解的，如：neither…nor… 表达两者都不…。

031. Sartre believed that each individual is responsible for choosing one course of action over another that it is the choice that gives value to the act, and that nothing that is not acted upon has value.

=Sartre believed/ that each individual/ is responsible for choosing one course of action over another/ that it is the choice/ that gives value to the act/, and that nothing/ that is not acted upon/ has value.

# Sartre认为/每一个人/都有责任选择一种行为过程/是这个选择/给予这个行动价值/，任何东西/没有被作用的/都没有价值。

*这个句子短小精悍，从句子分析中可以看出几乎每个词都要考虑。这个句子中一共用了5个that，一环扣一环。而本句的难点则是nothing that is not acted upon has value，双重否定，要认真理解句子的意思。

032. Whereas owners of condominium apartments have free and clear title to their dwellings, owners of cooperative apartments have shares in a corporation that owns a building and leases apartments to them.

=Whereas owners of condominium apartments/ have free and clear title/ to their dwellings/, owners of cooperative apartments/ have shares/ in a corporation/ that owns a building and leases apartments to them.

#鉴于私有公寓的所有者/有自由清晰的所有权/对于他们的住所/，共有公寓的所有者/有股份/在公司里/公司拥有房子并出租房子给他们。

*这个句子不长也很容易理解，但要注意一些细节的把握，如：have title to…单词都认识，但放在一起意思就变了，这个短语的意思是：对…有所有权。我们要注意积累短语，俚语，以便更好的理解句子。

033. Even though its per capita food supply has hardly increased in two decades, stringent rationing and planned distribution have allowed the People’s Republic of China to ensure nutritional levels of 2,000 calories per person per day for its population.

=Even though its per capita food supply/ has hardly increased in two decades/, stringent rationing and planned distribution/ have allowed the People’s Republic of China/ to ensure nutritional levels/ of 2,000 calories per person per day/ for its population.

#尽管人均食品供应/几乎没有增加/在20年里/，严格的配额和有计划的分配/使得中华人民共和国/确保营养标准/每人每天2000卡路里/对于人民。

*这个句子条理清楚容易理解，注意hardly的意思是“几乎没有”，肯定形式表否定意思。

034. Few people realize that the chance of accidental injury or death may be at least as great in the “safety” of their own homes as in a plane or on the road.

=Few people realize/ that the chance of accidental injury or death/ may be at least as great in the “safety” of their own homes/ as in a plane/ or on the road.

#几乎没有人意识到/偶然受伤或死亡的几率/可能至少是一样的在自己家的安全中/和在飞机上/或在路上。

*这个句子不长，比较容易理解，注意把握细节，如：few 表示“几乎没有人”，肯定形式表达否定意思。As great as… 表示“和…一样多”。

035. A fire in an enclosed space burns with the aid of reflected radiation that preheats the fuel, making ignition much easier and causing flames to spread more quickly.

=A fire in an enclosed space/ burns with the aid of reflected radiation/ that preheats the fuel/, making ignition much easier/ and causing flames to spread more quickly.

#在封闭空间燃烧的火/在反射的辐射热能的帮助下燃烧/预热了燃料/使得点燃更加容易/并使得火焰传播的更快。

*这个句子不长，比较容易理解。可能有几个词不知道它的准确含义，但不影响对句意的理解。

036. Roy Wilkins was among the last of a generation of civil rights activists who led the nation through decades of change so profound that many young Americans cannot imagine, much less remember, what segregation was like.

=Roy Wilkins/ was among the last of a generation of civil rights activists/ who led the nation through decades of change/ so profound that many young Americans cannot imagine/, much less remember/, what segregation was like.

# Roy Wilkins/是民权活动激进者时代末尾的一员/ 他领导这个国家经历几十年的变化/影响太深远了以至于很多美国年轻人不能想象/，更不记得/，隔离是什么样的。

*这个句子读起来感觉很长，简单的so… that句型被扩大了，而且又没有逗号，所以感觉很长。这样的句子一定要找好句子的断点，否则一口气读下来却不知所云。

037. The residents’ opposition to the spraying program has rekindled an old debate between those who oppose the use of pesticides and those who feel that the pesticides are necessary to save the trees.

=The residents’ opposition/ to the spraying program/ has rekindled an old debate/ between those who oppose the use of pesticides/ and those who feel that the pesticides are necessary/ to save the trees.

#居民的反对/对于拨撒计划/再次点燃了一个老的争论/在那些反对用农药的人/和那些人认为农药是必须的/去挽救树木。

*这句话中有两个to，按英文的表达顺序位置没有问题，但按中文的表达顺序to 后的内容应该提前，但没有提前也不影响我们对句子的理解，所以要练习接受英文语序的中文。

038. Slips of the tongue do not necessarily reveal concealed beliefs or intentions but rather result from the competition between various processing mechanisms in the brain.

=Slips of the tongue/ do not necessarily reveal concealed beliefs or intentions/ but rather result from the competition/ between various processing mechanisms in the brain.

#口误/并不一定反映隐瞒的想法或意图/但是却是竞争的结果/在多种多样的处理机构中在头脑中的。

*句子简单明了。do not…but rather…，不是…而是…，句子的中心意思在后面。

039. Small transmitters broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines are now used to monitor the exercise of both heart patients and athletes.

=Small transmitters/ broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines/ are now used to monitor the exercise/ of bothheart patients and athletes.

#小发报机/传送生理机能的测量给近处的记录机器/正被用做监测运动/心脏病人的和运动员的。

*此句简短明了，很容易理解。有个别词，如：exercise要仔细考虑其意思，exercise 有运动和练习的意思，但联系上下文，还是运动的意思符合。对于多义词要认真考虑选择适合上下文的意项。

040. The commission has directed advertisers to restrict the use of the word “natural” to foods that do not contain color or flavor additives, chemical preservatives, or anything that has been synthesized.

=The commission/ has directed advertisers/ to restrict the use of the word “natural”/ to foods that do not contain color or flavor additives, chemical preservatives, or anything that has been synthesized.

#委员会/已经指导广告制作者/限制natural这个词的使用/对于（这样的）食物没有颜色和味道添加剂，化学防腐剂，或者任何合成的东西。

*此句比较容易理解，注意琢磨一些词，有些词认识就反映不认识就过去。

041. What brought the Ford Motor Company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special price increase that the government sanctioned during a period of wage and price controls.

=What brought the Ford Motor Company back/ from the verge of bankruptcy/ shortly after the Second World War/ was a special price increase/ that the government sanctioned/ during a period of wage and price controls.

#把Ford Motor（福特汽车）公司拉回来的/从破产的边缘/在第二次世界大战刚刚结束后/是一次特殊的物价增长/由政府批准的/在一段时间工资和价格控制。

*这个句子读主要内容很简单，但读起来并不轻松，原因是有很多累赘，我们也只能去粗取精了。有些专有名词认识就反映不认识就过去，不影响我们对句子的理解。

041. The odds are about 4 to 1 against surviving a takeover offer, and many business consultants therefore advise that a company’s first line of defense in eluding such offers be to refuse even to take calls from likely corporate raiders.

＝The odds are about 4 to 1／ against surviving a takeover offer／, and many business consultants therefore advise／ that a company’s first line of defense in eluding such offers／ be to refuse even to take calls from likely corporate raiders.

#比率是大约4比1/反对保留接收提议/并且很多商业顾问因此建议/一个公司的第一道防线躲避这样的提议/是甚至拒绝接受邀请/从可能的公司掠夺者。

*此句很难理解，难点就在于多义词意项的选择，如：odds， against等；短语的意思的确定，如：a takeover offer，a company’s first line of defense，take calls from 等；to 与前面的衔接，如：refuse even to take calls from，读完这个意思才能断句，不能只看前面的to 而忘了后面的to，这样才能正确理解句子的意思。

042. Japan used the huge sums of capital it received from the United States after the Second World War to help build a modern industrial system.

=Japan used the huge sums of capital/ it received from the United States/ after the Second World War/ to help build a modern industrial system.

#日本用大量的资金/从美国接受的/在二战后/去帮助建设一个现代化的工业系统。

*此句很简单，容易理解。注意多义词capital等的理解。像the huge sums of 这样表示数量多少的短语，我们只要大概知道它是表示多还是少就行了。

043. Although the Supreme Court ruled as long ago as 1880 that Blacks could not be excluded outright from jury service, nearly a century of case-by-case adjudication has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be drawn from “a fair cross section of the community.”

=Although the Supreme Court ruled as long ago as 1880/ that Blacks could not be excluded outright from jury service/, nearly a century of case-by-case adjudication has been necessary to develop/ and enforce the principle/ that all juries must be drawn from “a fair cross section of the community.”

#尽管最高法院早在1880年就规定/黑人不能被排除从陪审团服务中/，然而近一个世纪一个个案件的审判有必要发展/同时加强这个原则/所有的陪审团成员必须选出来从对于团体来说公平的部分中。

*此句比较难理解，不仅仅因为句子长，还因为很多法律术语拿不准，有些可以认识就反映不认识就过去，有些则渗透文化内涵，如：a fair cross section of the community，其中section和 community具体指的是什么恐怕只有问问老外才能知道，我们这里只能从字面理解它的意思。

044. Nowhere in Prakta is the influence of modern European architecture more apparent than in its government buildings.

=Nowhere in Prakta/ is the influence of modern European architecture/ more apparent/ than in its government buildings.

#在 Prakta/现代欧洲建筑的影响/最明显的是/它的政府大楼。

*此句短小精悍，难点是Nowhere…is more… than…意思是：没有什么地方比…更…，也就是说…是最…的。注意类似的句子，要反向理解。

045. Federal legislation establishing a fund for the cleanup of sites damaged by toxic chemicals permits compensating state governments for damage to their natural resources but does not allow claims for injury to people.

=Federal legislation establishing a fund/ for the cleanup of sites/ damaged by toxic chemicals/ permits compensating state governments /for damage to their natural resources/ but does not allow claims for injury to people.

#联邦法律建立了一个资金/清理这些地点/被有毒化学物质损坏的/允许补偿州政府/为对他们自然资源的损害/但不允许索赔为个人伤害。

*这句话比较容易理解，for用的较多，注意理解英文语序的中文。

046. The lawyer for the defense charged that she suspected the police of having illegally taped her confidential conversations with her client and then of using the information they had obtained to find evidence that would support their murder charges.

=The lawyer for the defense charged/ that she suspected the police/ of having illegally taped her confidential conversations with her client/ and then of using the information/ they had obtained/ to find evidence/ that would support their murder charges.

#辩护律师指控/她怀疑警察/非法录下了她和她客户的秘密谈话/并且用这些信息/他们获得的/去找到证据/支持他们的谋杀指控。

*这句话讲的是和法律有关的事，murder的出现，令人毛骨悚然。但仔细琢磨意思并不难理解，注意charge这个多义词的理解，本句中 charge 出现了两次，词性也不一样。

047. According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979, twice the number reported in the 1977 survey.

=According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse/, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979/, twice the number reported in the 1977 survey.

#根据调查国家吸毒研究学会的/大约百分之二十的年轻人吸食可卡因在1979年/，这个数字翻番在1977年的调查中。

*这个句子很容易理解，像the National Institute on Drug Abuse的专有名词可以不管它，认识与否都不影响我们对句意的理解。

048. Inflation has made many Americans reevaluate their assumptions about the future; they still expect to live better than their parents did, but not so well as they once thought they could.

=Inflation/ has made many Americans/ reevaluate their assumptions about the future/; they still expect to live better/ than their parents did/, but not so well as they once thought they could.

#通货膨胀/已经使很多美国人/重新定位他们对未来的期望/；他们仍然期望过的更好/比他们的父母/但并没有他们想象的那么好。

*这个句子不长，意思也很简单。但注意句中的两个比较：一个是live better than，就是通常的比较级，容易理解；另一个是not so well as，as well as 是和…一样好，加个not表示不如…好，而不是和…一样不好。

049. Europeans have long known that eating quail sometimes makes the eater ill, but only recently has it been established that the illness is caused by a toxin present in the quail’s body only under certain conditions.

=Europeans have long known/ that eating quail sometimes makes the eater ill/, but only recently has it been established/ that the illness is caused by a toxin/ present in the quail’s body/ only under certain conditions.

#欧洲人很早就知道/吃鹌鹑有时使得吃的人得病/，但是直到最近才知道/这个病是有一种毒素引起的/存在于鹌鹑的体内/只有在某些条件下。

*这句话比较简单，前后意思相对，句子的重心在后面。有个难点but only recently has it been established，不要想语法，只要考虑内容，“最近才明白”，并不难理解。

050. In an assessment of the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question of whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant.

=In an assessment/ of the problems faced by rural migrant workers/, the question of whether they are better off materially/ than the urban working poor/ is irrelevant.

#在一个评价里/关于农村移民工人面临的问题/，这个问题是否他们物质上更富有/比城市里的贫穷的工作者/没有提到。

*这个句子很短，意思很简单，irrelevant加了一个否定的前缀，所以表达出否定的意思，这个句子本身仍然是肯定句。

051. In England the well-dressed gentleman of the eighteenth century protected his clothing while having his wig powdered by poking his head through a device that resembled the stocks.

=In England the well-dressed gentleman of the eighteenth century/ protected his clothing/ while having his wig powdered/ by poking his head/ through a device/ that resembled the stocks.

#在英国穿的很好绅士18世纪的/保护他的衣服/当他的假发擦粉时/通过把他的头插入一种机器/像足枷。

*这个句子意思比较简单，但有丰富的文化内涵，像stocks的意思是“足枷”是一种刑具，不了解文化是无法知道“足枷”到底是什么东西。但对我们理解大意并没有影响。

052. According to a recent United States study, identical twins reared apart from each other showed striking similarities, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

=According to a recent United States study/, identical twins/ reared apart from each other/ showed striking similarities/, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

#根据美国最近一份研究/，同卵双胞胎/不在一起长大/表现出惊人的相似/，包括很多行为癖好。

*这个句子意思比较简单，猜也可以猜的八九不离十，但要想精确了解句意，则需要准确理解一些词，如：identical， idiosyncrasies 等。

053. Developing nations in various parts of the world have amassed $700 billion in debts; at stake, should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks.

=Developing nations in various parts of the world/ have amassed $700 billion in debts/; at stake/, should a significant number of these debts be repudiated/, is the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks.

#发展中国家在世界的很多部分/已经积累了7000亿债务/；在冒险/，如果这么大数额的债务被拒绝偿付/，偿付能力一些世界最大的跨国银行的。

*这个句子比较复杂，不容易理解。at stake 和is the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks 是一句话，被 should a significant number of these debts be repudiated 分开了，但读的时候要把着两部分连在一起读，否则就很难理解句子的意思。

054. South Korea has witnessed the world’s most dramatic growth of Christian congregations; church membership is expanding by 6.6 percent a year, fully two-thirds of the growth coming from conversions rather than increases in the population.

=South Korea has witnessed/ the world’s most dramatic growth of Christian congregations/; church membership is expanding by 6.6 percent a year/, fully two-thirds of the growth coming from conversions /rather than increases in the population.

#韩国已经成为/世界上Christian congregations（基督会众）增长速度最快的地方/；教堂成员每年扩大6.6%/，三分之二的增长来自皈依/而不是人口的增加。

*这个句子是关于宗教方面的，有一些宗教术语，如：Christian congregations（基督会众），这类词认识就反映不认识就过去，并不影响我们对句子的理解。

055.Many investors base their choice between bonds and stocks on comparisons of bond yields with the dividends available on common stocks.

= Many investors base their choice/ between bonds and stocks/ on comparisons of bond yields/ with the dividends available on common stocks.

#很多投资者选择/在债券和股票中/通过比较债券利润/和红利普通股票可得的。

*这个句子比较短，容易理解。但要注意细节的理解，如：on comparisons …with 是用… 和…相比，不要因为中间有东西把它隔开就看不出这个句型了。

056. Some of the tenth-century stave churches of Norway are still standing, demonstrating that with sound design and maintenance, wooden buildings can last indefinitely.

= Some of the tenth-century stave churches of Norway/ are still standing/, demonstrating/ that with sound design and maintenance/, wooden buildings can last indefinitely.

#一些10世纪的木制教堂挪威的/仍然耸立着/，证明/有坚固的设计和保护/，木制的建筑物能无限期的保持下去。

*句子虽然很短，但是几乎每个词都需要考虑。意思比较简单，容易理解。

057. In the United States, trade unions encountered far more intense opposition in their struggle for social legitimacy than did the organized labor movements of most other democratic nations.

= In the United States/, trade unions/ encountered far more intense opposition/ in their struggle for social legitimacy/ than did the organized labor movements of most other democratic nations.

#在美国，贸易组织/实施强烈反对多得多/在他们对社会合法性的斗争中/比有组织的劳工运动绝大多数民主国家的。

*这个句子很短，大意比较容易掌握，注意有些词的意思要仔细琢磨。

058.In the most common procedure for harvesting forage crops such as alfalfa, as much as 20 percent of the leaf and small-stem material, the most nutritious parts of the plant, shatters and falls to the ground.

= In the most common procedure for harvesting forage crops/ such as alfalfa/, as much as 20 percent of the leaf and small-stem material/, the most nutritious parts of the plant/, shatters and falls to the ground.

#用最通常的步骤收割牛马的饲料作物/如苜蓿/，有多达20%的叶子和短小茎杆这样的东西/，最有营养的部分这个植物的/，散落在地上。

*这个句子比较容易理解，但注意一些细节，如：as much as像…那样多，也就是，有多达…

059. To ensure consistently high quality in its merchandise, the chain of retail stores became involved in every aspect of its suppliers’ operations, dictating not only the number of stitches and the width of the hem in every garment but also the profit margins of those suppliers.

= To ensure consistently high quality/ in its merchandise/, the chain of retail stores/ became involved in every aspect of its suppliers’ operations/, dictating not only the number of stitches/ and the width of the hem in every garment/ but also the profit margins of those suppliers.

#为了确保长期的高品质/它的商品的/，零售商店的限制/变得涉及方方面面供货者的工作/，不但指定针码的数目/滚边的宽度每一件衣服的/还指定供货者的利润。

*这个句子比较难理解，生词并不多，但很多词的含义需仔细推敲，如果选错了意项，可能差之毫厘，谬之千里。例如：the chain of retail stores，chain这个词有锁链的意思，由此引申出“连锁”和“限制”的意思。the chain of retail stores是零售商店连锁的意思吗？看了后面我们就可以发现，句子讲的是零售商店对供货着的限制，所以chain在这里是“限制”的意思。还有Dictate 这个词，有听写，独裁，指定的意思，根据上下文我们发现“指定”符合原文意思，故选之。有的难句，单词都认识而却不能理解句子的意思，这种句子要尤其注意。提高方法是联系上下文选择单词的正确义项。

060. The medieval scholar made almost no attempt to investigate the anatomy of plants, their mechanisms of growth, or the ways in which they are related to one another.

= The medieval scholar/ made almost no attempt to investigate/ the anatomy of plants/, their mechanisms of growth/, or the ways in which they are related to one another.

#中世纪的学者/不想去调查研究/这些植物的解剖构造/，他们的生长机构/，或它们彼此相联系的方式。

*此句比较简单，注意made almost no attempt to 是没有打算，不想做…的意思。

061.That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of　descendants an individual will have and　hence the number of gene copies　transmitted.

= That sex ratio will be favored/ which maximizes the number of　descendants/ an individual will have/ and　hence the number of gene copies/　transmitted.

#那种性别比例将是有利的/能够最大化后代的数目/一个个体所能拥有的/，并因此（最大化）基因复制品的数量/所传递到后代身上去的。

*这个句子比较难，但我们只要知道两个the number of是并列的关系就可以理解句子的意思。

062.Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and　risky ones.

=Hardy’s weakness/ derived from his apparent inability/ to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses/ and from his unwillingness/ to cultivate and sustain/ the energetic and　risky ones.

#哈代的缺陷/来自于他的明显的无能/，无法控制好那些各不相同的创作冲动的/；也来自于他不愿意/去培养和维持/那些有活力和风险性的创作冲动。

*这个句子首先要准确把握一些词语的意思，如：derived from， cultivate， energetic等，其次要注意第二个from与derived from的并列关系。

063.Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been　ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states　　of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

=Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement/ about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway/ has regularly been　ignored by the critics/，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests/ very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist/ concerned with examining states of reverie and vision/ and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

#弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫（Virginia Woolf）发人深思的陈述/关于创作《黛洛维夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway）的创作意图/一直被文学评论家们所忽略/，因为它突出反映了她的文学兴趣中某一方面/，与“诗性”小说家（poetic novelist）的传统形象大相径庭/（“诗性”小说家）所关注的是仔细观察各种状态幻想的，追寻错综复杂的过程个体意识的。

*这是一个不折不扣的难句，用词偏难，又把两个句子的意思压缩到了一个句子中。但是我们按照我们的读法仍然是可以理解句子的意思的。人名书名认识就反映不认识就过去。Of短语按英文顺序理解就可以，如：following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness 可以理解成： 追寻错综复杂的过程个体意识的。concerned with要特别注意，因为正是这个短语把两个意思连成一句话。

064.Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves’ preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.

=Although Gutman admits/ that forced separation by sale was frequent/，he shows/ that the slaves’ preference/，revealed most clearly on plantations/ where sale was infrequent/，was very much for stable monogamy.

#虽然古特曼承认/，被迫离散很频繁因为奴隶买卖，但他还是表明，奴隶的偏爱，最为显著地表示出来在种植园/奴隶买卖并不频繁的/，在很大程度上有助于稳定一夫一妻制。

*这个句子不是很难，注意个别词语的理解。有一个难点就是revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent被插到了 the slaves’ preference 和was very much for stable monogamy中间，读句子的时候要注意，这是两个意思，不要混淆。

065.Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged　the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.

=Gutman argues convincingly/ that the stability of the Black family/ encouraged　the transmission of--and so was crucial in sustaining--the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another/，a heritage/ that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.

#古特曼人令人信服地论证到/，黑人家庭的稳定有助于/--因而在维持文化遗产方面也起着至关重要的作用/--包括民间传说、音乐、及宗教表达在内的黑人文化遗产一代一代传递下去/，一种文化遗产/，黑奴们不断地将其丰富发展从其非洲和美洲的经历中。

*这个句子比较难，中间又加了一个意思，很容易打乱思维。注意—中间的部分可以单独理解，没有这一部分原句仍然成立。注意选择重要的词来琢磨，主要是名词和动词，按英文的顺序理解句子内容。

066.This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from　West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.

=This preference for exogamy/，Gutman suggests/， may have derived from　West African rules governing marriage/，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another/，all involved some kind of prohibition/ against unions with close kin.

#偏爱对于外部通婚/古特曼表示/，很可能起缘于非洲西部的规定管理婚姻的/，尽管这些规定不同在一个和另一个部落群体之间/，但都涉及到某种禁止/对近亲联姻的。

*这个句子明显带有雕琢的痕迹，人为的将这个句子变的很复杂很拗口，但是我们不管它有多复杂，我们只管它的意思，有些词认识就反映不认识就过去，有些词很容易猜到它的意思，如：unions with close kin 跟婚姻有关又和近亲有关，显然是近亲联姻；同样反对近亲联姻也就是同意外族联姻，所以exogamy的意思我们也能知道。

067.His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.

=His thesis works relatively well/ when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States/，but his definition of racial prejudice/ as "racially-based negative prejudgments/ against a group/ generally accepted as a race/ in any given region/ of ethnic competition/，" can be interpreted as also including hostility/ toward such ethnic groups/ as the Chinese in California/ and the Jews in medieval Europe.

#他的论题尚能适用/当应用于针对美国黑人的歧视时/，但他对种族偏见所下的定义/——“以种族为基础的反面的先入之见/针对某个群体的，/该群体被普遍接受为一种族/在任何特定区域/种族竞争的”——可被理解成同样也包括了敌意/针对这样一些种族群体/像加利福尼亚州的中国人/以及中世纪欧洲的犹太人。

*这个句子真是王母娘娘的裹脚布—又臭又长，可以想象考生在考试时看到这么长的一个难句时悲痛万分的心情。其实安下心来读，还是能够理解句子的意思的。“他的论题尚能成立……在……时”，这是一个意思；他对种族偏见所下的定义……可被理解成同样也包括了敌意……，这是一个意思；中间给种族偏见下的定义又是一个意思。读的时候要把几个意思分开理解，这样就不会打乱思路，ETS这样编句子就是想要打乱应试者的思路。

068. Such variations in size， shape，chemistry， conduction speed， excitation threshold，and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.

=Such variations in size， shape，chemistry， conduction speed， excitation threshold/，and the like/ as had been demonstrated in nerve cells/ remained negligible in significance/ for any possible correlation/ with the manifold dimensions/ of mental experience.

#这些变化/在大小，形状，化学，行动速度，兴奋阈/，以及相似的方面/正像已经被证明在神经细胞中的/仍然是微不足道的在重要性上/对于可能的相互联系/和各种各样的方面/精神体验的。

*此句短小精悍，单词都认识，句子也不复杂，但要准确的理解句子的意思还是很难的，因为这个句子把专业知识融了进来，所以平时都认识的单词可能有了新的意思，而且有些多义词的义项也不好选择。这种情况下不要强迫自己找到每个词对应的专业术语，只要按原意理解就可以，有些专业术语就是从原意变过去的，这样就可以理解句子的大意了。

069.Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved，the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view，namely，that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as "common currency" throughout the nervous system. =Although qualitative variance/ among nerve energies/was never rigidly disproved/，the doctrine was generally abandoned/ in favor of the opposing view/，namely/，that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality/ and are transmitted as "common currency"/ throughout the nervous system/.

#尽管质的差异/在神经能量上的/从未严格地被反对过/，但是这个教条常常被抛弃/，而有利于相反的观点/，即/神经冲动本质相同/，并且被传播作为一种“普通流”/在整个神经系统中。

*这个句子比较难理解，因为融入了专业知识，对于这样的句子，我们不一定非要查字典找出每个词对应的专业术语，但是我们应该仔细体会句子的意思，尽量掌握句子的大意。比如："common currency"可能有对应的专业术语，但我们不管，我们只想象 currency就是河流的一股，电流也可以用这个词，所以"common currency" 就可以理解成“普通流”，在神经系统里像水流一样流动的液体。

070.Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size，number，　　arrangement，and interconnection of the nerve cells，but as far as psychoneural correlations were concerned，the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.

= Other experiments/ revealed slight variations/ in the size，number，arrangement，and interconnection/ of the nerve cells/，but as far as psychoneural correlations were concerned/，the obvious similarities of these sensory fields/ to each other/ seemed much more remarkable/ than any of the minute differences.

#尽管其他实验显示微小的差异/在大小、数量、排列方式和相互连接上/神经细胞的/，但是就心理与神经的相互关系而言/，这些明显的相似性感官区域的/彼此间的/看起来重要的多/比任何微小的差异。

*这个句子和上一个句子出自一篇文章，都融入了专业知识，我们要仔细理解句子，掌握句子的大意，而不强求对应的专业术语。as far as …were concerned意思是in the way, or to the extent, that sb/sth is involved or affected,
就……而言。对于这样的短语要注意平时的积累。

071.Although some experiments show that，as an object becomes familiar，its internal　representation becomes more holistic and　the recognition process correspondingly more parallel，the weight of evidence　seems to support the serial hypothesis，at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

#Although some experiments/ show that/，as an object/ becomes familiar/，its internal　representation/ becomes more holistic/ and　the recognition process/ correspondingly more parallel/，the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis/，at least for objects/ that are not notably simple and familiar.

#虽然某些实验表明/，随着一个物体/变得熟悉起来/，其表现内心的图像/变得更加完整/，辨认过程/相应地变得更加平行/，但证据似乎在支持一序列的假设/，至少是对于那些物体/不是特别简单，特别熟悉的。

*这个句子虽然融入了专业知识，但也不缺乏文采。比如：the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis，本来可以不用the weight of，但用了以后文采就出来了，像一个天平一样，证据的砝码一个个放上去，逐渐倾斜于……，当然这样的句子考试时读起来就要多绕弯子了，我们不管它直接读出本意就可以了。

072.In large part as a consequence of　the feminist movement，historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in　various periods.

=In large part/ as a consequence of　the feminist movement/，historians have focused a great deal of attention/ in recent years/ on determining more accurately the status of women/ in various periods.

#在很大程度上/，由于女权主义运动的缘故/，史学家集中了大量的注意力/近年来/，确定/更为准确地/妇女的地位/在各个历史时期。

*这个句子短小精悍，句子不长也不难，但是细节要注意。In large part意思是：在很大程度上；as a consequence of 的意思是：由于……的缘故。这样的短语要注意平时的积累，否则即使单词都认识还是猜不出句子的意思。像a great deal of这样的短语以及一些形容词副词只要虚化成一个程度就可以了，比如：多少，好坏等。

073.Thus，for instance，it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom，but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin，magnetic dipole，and relativistic effects；and that this corrected　equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of　quantum field-theoretical equations.

=Thus/，for instance/，it may come as a shock/ to mathematicians/ to learn/ that the Schrodinger equation/ for the hydrogen atom/ is not a literally correct description/ of this atom/，but only an approximation/ to a somewhat more correct equation/ taking account of spin，magnetic dipole，and relativistic effects/；and that this corrected　equation/ is itself/ only an imperfect approximation/ to an infinite set of　quantum field-theoretical equations.

#因此/，举例来说/，可能是个震惊/对数学家来说/，了解到/ Schrodinger方程式/氢原子的/并不是一种完全正确的描述/对该原子的/，而仅仅是个近似值/，趋近于一个在某种程度上更为正确的方程式/考虑到自旋、磁性偶极子，以及相对论效应/；而这个修正的方程式/就其本身而言/也只是一个不完美的近似值/，无限趋近于的一整套量子场理论方程式。

*这个句子长，生词多，又融如了专业知识，是个不折不扣的难句。对于长句子我们要排除恐惧心理大胆读下去。对于生词我们的原则是认识就反映不认识就过去，如：spin，magnetic dipole自旋、磁性偶极子， quantum field-theoretical equations量子场理论方程式，等。这类词即使知道中文也不知道这是什么东西，所以认不认识都没有关系。至于专业方面的东西我们只能按通常的情况来理解。

074.The physicist rightly dreads precise argument，since an argument that is　convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on　which it is based are slightly changed，whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.

= The physicist/ rightly dreads precise argument/，since an argument/ that is convincing/ only if it is precise/ loses all its force/ if the assumptions/ on　which it is based/ are slightly changed/，whereas an argument/ that is convincing/ though imprecise/ may well be stable/ under small perturbations/ of its underlying assumptions.

#物理学家/害怕精确的论证/，因为一个论证/--它是令人信服的/只有当它是精确的时候/--，失去了其全部说服力/如果假设/作为它基础的/发生了一点点变化/，然而一个论证/--它是令人信服的/尽管不是很精确的--/仍有可能是成立的/当稍有波动时/作为它的基础的假设/。

*这个句子明显带有人工雕琢的痕迹，因为把好几句话的内容揉成了一句，读这样的句子，我们要理清思路，注意几个意思分开理解。

075.However，as they gained cohesion，the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres，who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon.

=However/，as they gained cohesion/，the Bluestockings/ came to regard themselves/ as a women’s group/ and to possess a sense of female solidarity/ lacking in the salonnieres/，who remained isolated from one another/ by the primacy/ each held in her own salon.

#然而/，随着她们获得的凝聚力/，蓝袜女们渐趋将自己看成一妇女团体/，并逐渐拥有了一种妇女团结意识/沙龙女主人身上缺乏的/，她们仍然保持彼此孤立/由于自视清高/每个人在其沙龙中。

*这句话难度适中，但有些地方是可以琢磨的，如：the Bluestockings， the salonnieres的准确意思需要联系上下文进行理解，尤其是the Bluestockings用了借代的手法，可能是这些女子经常穿蓝色的袜子才得此名。但就此句而言，这两个单词的意思知道与否并不影响句意的理解。

076.As my own studies have advanced，I have been increasingly impressed with the functional　　similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem，at first glance，to constitute such an immense gulf between them.

=As my own studies have advanced/，I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities/ between insect and vertebrate societies/ and less so with the structural differences/ that seem/，at first glance/，to constitute such an immense gulf/ between them.

#随着我的研究不断深入/，我越来越深刻意识到功能性的相似/在昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的/，而越来越淡漠结构性的差异/，他们似乎/，起初看来/，构成了一条鸿沟/在二者间。

*这个句子融入了专业知识，读起来有些拗口，比如：vertebrate societies是脊椎动物群落的意思，但是我们对这类专业词认识的就反映不认识的就过去。这个句子中有一处要特别注意，less so with指的是什么，由于and 是表示并列关系的，所以与上文的I have been increasingly impressed with 对应，也就是I have been less impressed with 。

077. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.

=Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances/，its authors/ react to those circumstances/ in ways other than ideological，/and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments/ of ideology/ circumvents/ much of/ the fictional enterprise.

#虽然小说的确起源于政治环境/，但是其作者对这些政治环境作出反应/以非意识形态的方式/，同时讨论小说和故事/主要作为工具/意识形态的/阻碍/在相当程度上/小说事业。

*这个句子虽然意思不难理解，但是读起来有些拗口，如：in ways other than ideological，意思是用这样的方式不是意识形态的，也就是以非意识形态的方式。另外，talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise 也很有迷惑性，如果改成 it circumvents much of the fictional enterprise that talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology 就很容易理解了。

078.Is this a defect，or are the authors working out of，or trying to forge，a different kind of aesthetic？

=Is this a defect/，or are the authors working out of/，or trying to forge/，a different kind of aesthetic？

*这（一种与众不同的美学体系）究竟是一种缺陷呢/，或者这些作者是在进行创作（按照一种与众不同的美学体系）/，抑或（ 这些作者）是在试图创立/，一种与众不同的美学体系？

*这个句子短小精悍，省略了很多内容，所以我们读句子的时候，琢磨每个词还不够，还要补充一些东西。

079.Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels，bringing to our attention in the　process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon　Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.

=Black Fiction/ surveys a wide variety of novels/，bringing to our attention/ in the　process/ some fascinating and little-known works/ like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.

#《黑人小说》/考察了很多小说/，使我们注意到/在此过程中/某些引人入胜但却鲜为人知的作品/，如James Weldon Johnson的《自传-曾是黑人》。

*这个句子比较简单，容易理解大意。英文中书名通常大写，用斜体，没有书名号，这个句子中的Black Fiction和Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man都是书名。

080.Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated，to pass through，they absorb some of the longer-wavelength，　　infrared emissions radiated from the Earth’s surface，radiation that would　otherwise be transmitted back into space.

=Although these molecules/ allow radiation/ at visible wavelengths/， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated/，to pass through/，they absorb some of the longer-wavelength/，infrared emissions/ radiated from the Earth’s surface/，radiation that would　otherwise be transmitted back into space.

#虽然这些分子/允许辐射/可见光波长的/——在那里绝大部分阳光的能量聚集——通过，但是它们却会吸收一些波长较长的光/，即红外线/从地球表面辐射出的/，这种辐射否则就会被重新输送回太空（若不是二氧化碳的缘故）。

*这个句子融入了专业知识，讲的是有关分子的事，很微妙。有些专业术语很容易猜到其意思，如：visible wavelengths 可见波长（的光）longer-wavelength 波长较长（的光），等。最后一句radiation that would　otherwise be transmitted back into space意思是：这种辐射否则就会被重新输送回太空，但感觉意思不完整，看了原文才知道，完整的意思应该是：若不是二氧化碳的缘故，这种辐射就会被重新输送回太空。

081.The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating　the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of　feeling，thinking，and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture.

=The role/ those anthropologists ascribe to evolution/ is not of dictating　the details of human behavior/ but one of imposing constraints/—ways of　feeling，thinking，and acting/ that "come naturally" in archetypal situations/ in any culture.

#这个作用/人类学家所归功于生物进化的/，不是规定种种细节人类行为的，而是强加限制（于人类）——即情感、思维、以及行动方式/自然表现出来/在典型情景中/任何文化的。

*这个句子明显带有人工雕琢的痕迹，主要的句型就是：the role …is not …but…，句子的重心在后半部分。

082.A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested，but did not prove，that the grazers had removed most of the algae.

=A low number of algal cells/ in the presence of a high number of grazers/ suggested/，but did not prove/，that the grazers had removed most of the algae.

#少量的水藻细胞/同时存在着大量的食草动物/，这暗示——但并不能证明——食草动物已清除了大部分水藻。

*这个句子比较短，也比较容易理解，注意理解一些细节，如：in the presence of 在……同时存在的情况下，或者是当着……的面。还要注意suggest这个多义词的理解，suggest有建议，提议，使某人想到，暗示，意味着等意思，联系上下文我们发现“暗示”这个义项更符合句意，故选之。有趣的是在GRE GMAT考试中 suggest经常表示“暗示”的意思，可能ETS想挑一个不常用的义项来迷惑读者。

083.Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of　individual zooplankton species in the　laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions　using the known population density　of grazers.

=Studies/ by Hargrave and Geen/ estimated natural community grazing rates/ by measuring feeding rates/ of　individual zooplankton species/ in the laboratory/ and then computing community grazing rates/ for field conditions/ using the known population density of grazers.

#研究/由Hargrave和Geen所进行的/，估计了自然群落的食草速率/通过测量捕食速率/浮游动物个体的/在实验室内/，然后通过计算群落的食草速率/实地状况下的/利用已知的食草动物种群密度。

*这个句子融入了专业知识，但并不难理解，人名和一些专业术语认识就反映不认识就过去。

084.In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance，that is，in the late spring and in the summer, Haney recorded maximum daily com-munity grazing rates，for nutrient-poor　lakes and bog lakes，respectively，of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.

= In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance/，that is/，in the late spring and in the summer/, Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates/，for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes/，respectively/，of 6.6 percent and 114 percent/ of daily phytoplankton production.

#在这个时期浮游动物数量的高峰期/，即/在春末和夏季/，Haney记录了最高的每日群落食草速率/，对于贫养湖和沼泽湖而言/，分别为/，6.6%和114%/每日浮游植物繁殖量的。

*这个句子和上一句出自同一篇文章，都融入了专业知识，对于专业词语认识的就反映不认识的就过去，但要注意zooplankton 和phytoplankton是不同的，前者是浮游动物，后者是浮游植物。

085.The hydrologic cycle，a major topic in this science，is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes，beginning as atmospheric water vapor，passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation，thence along and into the ground surface，and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration.

=The hydrologic cycle/，a major topic in this science/，is the complete cycle of phenomena/ through which water passes/，beginning as atmospheric water vapor/，passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation/，thence along and into the ground surface/，and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor/ by means of evaporation and transpiration.

#水文循环/，一个主要课题该学科中的/，就是指整个循环过程/水经历的/，开始是大气中的水蒸气/，进而变成液体和固体形态作为降水/，由此流经地表或进入地表/，最终又变回大气水蒸气形态/通过蒸发和气化作用。

*这句话讲的是水的循环过程，不读这个句子，句子大意也略知一二，句子中有些专业词语我们能猜出其意， 如：precipitation，在 passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation 中，我们可以知道是液体或固体的形态，那一定会降落下来，而不是停留在空中，所以是降水。如果我们对句子的大意略知一二读起来就容易得多，但ETS没有那么仁慈，除非正好是你所学的专业，否则翻译成中文也不知道在讲什么。

086.The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890’s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing　steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the　　closing of the internal frontier——that is，the depletion of available new land　needed for further expansion of the American farming system.

=The historian Frederick J. Turner/ wrote in the 1890’s/ that the agrarian discontent/ that had been developing　steadily in the United States/ since about 1870/ had been precipitated/ by the closing of the internal frontier/——that is/，the depletion/ of available new land　/needed for further expansion /of the American farming system.

#史学家Frederick J. Turner/写道/于十九世纪九十年代/，农民的不满/一直在不断发展的在美国/自1870年以来/已经加剧/由于封闭国内边疆/——即/，枯竭/可利用的新土地/进一步扩大所需的/美国农业系统的（扩大）。

*这个句子虽然有点长，但是意思却很容易理解，因为这个句子是人为加了一些修饰成分才变的很长的，对于这样的句子抓住句子的中心内容就可以了。

087.In the early 1950’s，historians who studied preindustrial Europe （which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800） began， for the first time in large numbers，to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political　and social elite：the kings，generals，judges，nobles，bishops，and local　magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.

= In the early 1950’s/，historians/ who studied preindustrial Europe/ （which we may define here as Europe/ in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800）/ began/， for the first time/ in large numbers/，to investigate more of the preindustrial European population/ than the 2 or 3 percent/ who comprised the political and social elite/：the kings，generals，judges，nobles，bishops，and local　magnates/ who had hitherto/ usually filled history books.

#在二十世纪五十年代早期/，史学家们/研究前工业时代欧洲的/（我们可将其定义为欧洲/这一时期的约自1300至1800）/开始/，首次/很多人/，调查前工业时代欧洲人口/超出于百分之二或三的/那些人口（百分之二或三的）构成了政治与社会精英/：国王、将军、法官、贵族、主教、以及地方官/，他们曾经充斥于史学著作。

*这个句子比较长，需要我们耐心阅读，有个地方很有迷惑性要尤其注意，investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political　and social elite，调查的是百分之二或三的人口吗？不是。调查的是多于百分之二或三的人口，也就是百分之二或三的人口之外的那些人。

088.Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories，which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups（these attitudes include，but are not confined to，attitudes toward crime and　the law）and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.

=Historians/ such as Le Roy Ladurie/ have used the documents to extract case histories/，which have illuminated the attitudes/ of different social groups/ （these attitudes include/，but are not confined to/，attitudes toward crime and the law）/and have revealed/ how the authorities administered justice/.

#史学家/如Le Roy Ladurie/曾经利用这些文献去提取出个案史/，它们说明了态度/不同社会群体的/（这些态度包括/，但并非局限于/，对犯罪和法律的态度）/，并揭示出/当权者是如何妨碍司法的。

*这个句子本来很容易理解，但是在中间用括号加了一个句子，打乱了读者的思路，使句子的难度增加。但是我们知道括号中的内容是补充内容，也就是可有可无，没有它原句仍然成立，所以我们可以跳过括号看全句，读完再看括号中的内容。这个句子如果变成…which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups that include，but are not confined to，attitudes toward crime and　the law…难度又增加了，所以有些内容可以跳过，或者存放在脑中的另一部分，不去打扰句子的主要意思。

089.My point is that its central consciousness—its profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on people’s lives—owes much to that earlier literary heritage，a heritage that，in general，has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.

=My point/ is/ that its central　consciousness/—its profound understanding of class and gender/ as shaping influences/ on people’s lives/—owes much to that earlier literary heritage/，a heritage/ that，in general/，has not been sufficiently valued/ by most contemporary literary critics.

#我的观点是/，其作品的中心思想——它深刻理解阶级和性别/作为决定性影响/对人的生活的——在很大程度上借鉴了早期的文学遗产/，这些遗产/总体上/还未受到足够重视/大多数当代文学评论家的。

*这个句子与上一句很相似，两个破折号中间的内容也是补充性的，这种情况下破折号就相当于括号，中间的内容可看可不看。

090.But achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and nonliving matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other—an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly.

=But achieving necessary matches/ in physical properties/ across interfaces between living and nonliving matter/ requires knowledge/ of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other/—an area/ that we have not yet explored thoroughly.

#但是，达到必要匹配/生理性质上的/沿着界面在有生命和无生命物质之间，需要知识/，哪些分子控制着细胞的结合彼此间的/——这一领域/，我们尚未进行充分的探索。

*这个句子融入了专业知识，但大意并不难理解，本句中破折号是解释说明的作用，破折号后面的内容还是要注意的。

091.Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law—notwithstanding，of course，a　considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other　of them as far as subject matter and positive enactments are concerned—that its study is indispensable in order to　appreciate adequately the full range of　possible legal phenomena.

=Islamic law is a phenomenon/ so different from all other forms of law/—notwithstanding/，of course/，a　considerable and inevitable number of coincidences/ with one or the other　of them/ as far as subject matter and positive enactments/ are concerned/—that its study is indispensable/ in order to　appreciate adequately/ the full range of　possible legal phenomena.

#伊斯兰法是一种现象/如此不同于所有其它法律形式的/——毋庸置疑/，当然，/相当数量的且不可避免的巧合之处/与其它法律形式的/就其主要内容和积极的规定而言/——以致于对它的研究不可或缺/，以便充分理解/全部范围可能存在的法律现象的 。

*这个句子比较长，而且中间又加入了一个意思，所以比较难以理解，注意把两个意思分开理解。注意对有些固定短语，句型的理解，如：as far as
……are concerned，so ……that，等。

092.Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora （the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel）， the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud， one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora.

= Though historically there is a discernible break/ between Jewish law/ of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora/ （the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel）/， the spirit of the legal matter/ in later parts of the Old Testament/ is very close to that of the Talmud/， one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora.

#虽然历史上看/，有一个明显的断裂/在犹太法律之间/独立主权国家的古代以色列(时期)的/与Diaspora时期(的犹太法律)/，(即古代犹太人被流放以色列被征服后)/，但是法律内容的精神/《旧约全书》后半部分中的/与《犹太教法典》的很相近/，《犹太教法典》是指犹太法律的主要典籍之一/在Diaspora时期。

*这个句子比较长,也比较复杂, 有的地方很有迷惑性, 如: between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora 是指在不同时期的犹太法律之间, 如果改成 and that of Diaspora 就很容易理解了;此外，由于涉及到历史方面的内容，有些专有名词认识就反映不认识就过去。

093.Islam，on the other hand，represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it；Islamic law is the result of an examination　from a religious angle，of legal subject matter that was far from uniform，comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic/ Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples/ of the conquered territories.

= Islam/，on the other hand/，represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism/ that preceded it/；Islamic law/ is the result of an examination/　from a religious angle/，of legal subject matter/ that was far from uniform/，comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic　Arabia/ and numerous legal elements/　taken over from the non-Arab peoples/ of the conquered territories.

#伊斯兰教/，另一方面/，代表着完全决裂/与阿拉伯异教/此前存在的的/；伊斯兰法律/是考察的结果/从宗教的角度/，对法律内容/极不规范的/，内容来自各种各样的组成部分前伊斯兰阿拉伯国家法律的/和无数法律特色/借鉴过来/从非阿拉伯民族/被征服的土地上的。

*这个句子比较长，还融入了法律方面的知识，但并不难理解，有些词认识就反映不认识就过去，如：Arab paganism阿拉伯异教等。相反有些多义词要仔细理解，如：legal elements 法律特色等。

094.One such novel idea is　that of inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants’ natural constitution：specifically，the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes，if they can be identified and isolated，that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence，the intensified research on legumes.

= One such novel idea/ is　that of inserting into the chromosomes of plants/ discrete genes/ that are not a part of the plants’ natural constitution/：specifically/，the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants/ the genes/，if they can be identified and isolated/，that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts/ for nitrogen-fixing bacteria./ Hence，the intensified research on legumes.

#一个新奇的想法/就是插入在植物的染色体中/不相关联的因基/不是该植物自然组成部分的/：具体而言/，这个想法就是/插入在非豆科植物内/这样一些基因/，如果他们能被辨识出来并被分离开来/，他们使豆科植物适合充当寄主/那些具备固氮作用的细菌的/。因此，研究深入对豆科植物的。

*这个句子很难理解，因为融入了太多的专业知识，但是知识要求并不高，如果以前对基因方面以及豆类植物固氮作用略知一二，理解大意还是不成问题的。

095.It is one of nature’s great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants’ leaves　are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.

=It is one of nature’s great ironies/ that the availability of nitrogen/ in the soil/ frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth/ even though the plants’ leaves　are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.

*自然界最大的矛盾之一/就是氮供给/土壤中的/通常限定了一个上限植物生长的/，尽管植物的叶子沉浸在一片氮气的海洋中。

*这个句子很容易理解，但是很有意思，关键词是irony，主要是搞清楚irony的内容是什么。

096.Unless they succeed，the yield gains of the Green Revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter　into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated，and even if　the transfer of those gene complexes，once they are found， becomes possible.

=Unless they succeed/，the yield gains of the Green Revolution/ will be largely lost/ even if the genes in legumes/ that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers/ are identified and isolated/，and even if　the transfer of those gene complexes/，once they are found， becomes possible.

#除非他们成功/，否则产量收入绿色革命的/将在很大程度上损失/，即使豆科植物中的基因/它为植物创造条件进入共生系统和固氮细菌（共生）/可被辨识出来和分离开来/，即使转移这些基因综合体，一旦被发现之后，成为可能。

*这个句子融入了有关基因方面的专业知识，读起来有点困难，但是句子的顺序减小了句子的难度，句子开句明意，even if的内容有补充说明的作用，所以句子的大意还是很容易理解的。

097.Its subject（to use Maynard Mack’s categories）is　"life-as-spectacle，" for readers，diverted by its various incidents，observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without；the tragic Iliad，however，presents "life-as-experience"：readers　are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles，whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.

=Its subject/（to use Maynard Mack’s categories）/is　"life-as-spectacle"/， for readers/，diverted by its various incidents/，observe its hero Odysseus/ primarily from without；the tragic Iliad/，however/，presents "life-as-experience"/：readers　are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles/，whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.

#其主题（若借鉴Maynard Mack的分类）/是“人生如景象”，对读者来说/被种种事件所分散/，观察其主人公Odyssus/主要是从外部/；悲剧《伊利亚特》/，然而/，表现的却是“人生如经历”/：读者需要与Achilles产生共鸣/，其动机使他成为一个不是特别惹人喜爱的主人公。

*这个句子讲的是文学方面的内容，相信很多同学会感到要真正理解句子意思要了解相关的文学作品，所以读起来有点困难，但是只理解句子的大意还是不难的，有一处要特别注意，即identify with 是与……相联系的意思，类似的短语要注意积累。

098.Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement： before maturity one eye migrates，so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.

=Most striking/ among the many asymmetries/ evident in an adult flatfish/ is eye placement/： before maturity one eye migrates/，so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.

#最令人惊奇的/在很多不对称特征中/成年比目鱼身上明显的/，是眼睛的位置/：在成年前一只眼睛移动/，因此成年比目鱼两只眼睛均位于头部的同一侧。

*这个句子的结构有点乱，严格的说应该是两个句子，但我们只看内容不看语法，所以不用管它的结构。

099.The best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands，islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle，are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system， whose source，most　geologists contend，is the upper mantle.

= The best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis/ is the well-established fact/ that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands/，islands/ believed to result from mantle plumes/ arising from the lower mantle/，are composed of material/ fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system/， whose source/，most geologists contend/，is the upper mantle.

#最好的证据/对于地幔分层论来说/是这样一个确凿的事实/即火山岩石在海洋岛屿上发现的/，这些岛屿被认为是mantle plume（形成的）/从下层地幔升上来的/，是由物质构成/与中部海脊的物质根本不同的/，其成因/，大多数地质学家认为/，是上部地幔。