GWD-1-Q15:
In parts of South America, vitamin-A deficiency is a serious health problem, especially among children. In one region, agriculturists are attempting to improve nutrition by encouraging farmers to plant a new variety of sweet potato called SPK004 that is rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A. The plan has good chances of success, since sweet potato is a staple of the region’s diet and agriculture, and the varieties currently grown contain little beta-carotene.
方案可行类：原来种A的土地改种B，前提，该土地可种B。
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that the plan will succeed?
A. The growing conditions required by the varieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region are conditions in which SPK004 can flourish. 方案可行
B. The flesh of SPK004 differs from that of the currently cultivated sweet potatoes in color and texture, so traditional foods would look somewhat different when prepared from SPK004.
C. There are no other varieties of sweet potato that are significantly richer in beta-carotene than SPK004 is.
D. The varieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region contain some important nutrients that are lacking in SPK004.
E. There are other vegetables currently grown in the region that contain more beta-carotene than the currently cultivated varieties of sweet potato do.[A]*作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:00
GWD-1-Q17: OG12th 原题
The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale—the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance. Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?
A. Bone flutes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals.
B. No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatomic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.
C. The flute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears.
D. Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale.
E. The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale
四个窟窿的笛子能够演奏七音阶中的第3到6个，因此推论N 人在几千年前就开始用七音阶了，中间缺少一个桥梁：E，就是说这个笛子本来就是七个窟窿，只是保留下来四个窟窿
我觉得B错在,结论是thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.,并没有说N人就生活在几千年前，如果N人生活在几百年前，B项还是削弱呢
GWD-1-Q33:仔细读题目作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:01
GWD-1-Q33:仔细读题目
A company plans to develop a prototype weeding machine that uses cutting blades with optical sensors and microprocessors that distinguish weeds from crop plants by differences in shade of color. The inventor of the machine claims that it will reduce labor costs by virtually eliminating the need for manual weeding.
方案可行类，原文有假设，也就是方案实行由前提。在这里就是庄稼和杂草的颜色可分辨。如果削弱，就说前提不成立。
Which of the following is a consideration in favor of the company’s implementing its plan to develop the prototype?
A. There is a considerable degree of variation in shade of color between weeds of different species.分辨野草的颜色没有用，要分辨的是野草和庄稼的颜色
B. The shade of color of some plants tends to change appreciably over the course of their growing season.
C. When crops are weeded manually, overall size and leaf shape are taken into account in distinguishing crop plants from weeds.
D. Selection and genetic manipulation allow plants of virtually any species to be economically bred to have a distinctive shade of color without altering their other characteristics.方案可行
E. Farm laborers who are responsible for the manual weeding of crops carry out other agricultural duties at times in the growing season when extensive weeding is not necessary.[D]
公司想发展一种割草机，这种割草机是通过感光器和微处理器区别杂草和庄家的。同时发明者说这将大大减少劳动成本，因为它根本不再需要人工除草了。
问题问下面哪一条支持了公司发展这种机器。
D选项实际上是说了一个条件使得这种割草器具有实用价值。作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:02
GWD-2-Q14:
Smithtown University’s fund-raisers succeeded in getting donations from 80 percent of the potential donors they contacted. This success rate, exceptionally high for university fund-raisers, does not indicate that they were doing a good job. On the contrary, since the people most likely to donate are those who have donated in the past, good fund-raisers constantly try less-likely prospects（不太可能成为新的捐款者的人） in an effort to expand the donor base. The high success rate shows insufficient canvassing（游说） effort.
成功率不能说明融资者工作做得好
分类思想，学校融资来源：以前捐助者+ 融资者通过努力新赢得的捐赠。
Which of the following, if true, provides more support for the argument?
A. Smithtown University’s fund-raisers were successful in their contacts with potential donors who had never given before about as frequently as were fund-raisers for other universities in their contacts with such people. 既然未捐赠人的比率和别的大学一样高,说明80%的高比率并不是来自未捐赠人,支持了结论 逻辑中的比较句型 就是说捐赠一共来自两部分，未曾捐赠的人的成功率和别的学校一样高，那么特别高的这个80%就应该来自于另一部分，也就是曾捐赠过的人。那么就说明了融资者没有努力。做这样的题把不变的部分扔掉，考虑另一半变得部分对最终结果的影响
B. This year the average size of the donations to Smithtown University from new donors when the university’s fund-raisers had contacted was larger than the average size of donations from donors who had given to the university before.(weaken)
C. This year most of the donations that came to Smithtown University from people who had previously donated to it were made without the university’s fund-raisers having made any contact with the donors. 融资人未联系就得来的捐助人，与原文无关。
D. The majority of the donations that fund-raisers succeeded in getting for Smithtown University this year were from donors who had never given to the university before. (weaken)
E. More than half of the money raised by Smithtown University’s fund-raisers came from donors who had never previously donated to the university. (weaken)作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:02
1.该题争议的根源在于错误理解了原文的结论和不合理的推理（或者称加进自己的信息）。从原文得出的东西必须是MUST BE TRUE，而不是POSSIBLY TRUE
2。该题的结论是：80%的成功率不能说明他们工作做得好（不是：他们工作做不好）。即割断80%成功率对工作做得好的证明力。至于最后一句话是一个补充，因为该句很模糊。
3。A提供的信息仅限于S大学的RAISERS在NEW DONORS方面和其他大学的RAISERS做得差不多好，并没有突出的地方（本身或和原文结合不能说明80%中OLD DONORS比例较大或反之，比如刚开始NEW DONORS总是多，总之，80%中NEW DONOR 和OLD DONORS那个占的比例大是不知道的。这是典型的加进自己信息）
4。A对结论的支持表现在：工作做得好，原文提供的标准是EXPAND DONOR BASE（即扩展NEW DONORS）。这方面S大学和他大学的RAISERS差不多（根据A），这80%中，高出别人的部分是OLD DONORS的，而根据原文的标准，这部分不能说明工作做得好。所以这exceptionally high 的80%，按照原文的好的标准，其实和其他大学一样，比如他是70%成功率（在说明工作做得好方面，也就是NEW DONORS方面），其它他大学也是70%，所以你不能用80%来证明S大学的RAISERS工作做得好，即支持结论。
5。选项中C为无关项，BDE为WEAKEN。C意思为OLD DONORS中，多数不用CONTACT便捐款。对OLD DONORS是否需CONTACTS才捐款和原文没关系（不能推出RAISERS没努力）
好的筹资人经常尝试（联系）“捐款的可能性比较小的潜在捐款者”以扩大捐款人群的基数。
这里“less-likely prospects”其实是指“那些从没有捐过款的人”，与“those who have donated in the past”的人做对比。在这里作为try的宾语。作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:02
GWD-3-Q9: 看解释
Studies in restaurants show that the tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash tend to be larger when the bill is presented on a tray that bears a credit-card logo. Consumer psychologists hypothesize that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many credit-card holders willing to spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceeds the cash they have immediately available.
Tray上有信用卡标志----使人们想起他们的购买力比实际拥有的现金要多----用现金支付的顾客给得小费多
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the psychologists’ interpretation of the studies?
A. The effect noted in the studies is not limited to patrons who have credit cards.没有信用卡的人----购买力等于实际拥有的现金，推不出结论。牵涉无关对象
B. Patrons who are under financial pressure from their credit-card obligations tend to tip less when presented with a restaurant bill on a tray with credit-card logo than when the tray has no logo.异因异果，即根据文意推断不同情况下，符合条件的不同结果，相当于逆否命题
C. In virtually all of the cases in the studies, the patrons who paid bills in cash did not possess credit cards.
D. In general, restaurant patrons who pay their bills in cash leave larger tips than do those who pay by credit card.
E. The percentage of restaurant bills paid with given brand of credit card increases when that credit card’s logo is displayed on the tray with which the bill is prepared.[B]
原文的假设条件是：看到账单确实能联想到自己的付账能力；
B答案说：有财务危机的，看到账单，会联想到自己的付账能力，所以会少给小费。
GWD-3-Q17:
Brochure: Help conserve our city’s water supply. By converting the landscaping in your yard to a water-conserving landscape, you can greatly reduce your outdoor water use. A water-conserving landscape is natural and attractive, and it also saves you money.
自家院子美化变成节水型的美化----减少户外用水----省钱
Criticism: For most people with yards, （前提）the savings from converting to a water-conserving landscape cannot justify the expense of new landscaping, since typically the conversion would save less than twenty dollars on a homeowner’s yearly water bills.
省下的钱不能弥补开支
Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for a rebuttal of the criticism?反对第二个人的话。也就是支持第一段话的说那样的变化省钱。
A. Even homeowners whose yards do not have water-conserving landscapes can conserve water by installing water-saving devices in their homes. 异因同果，削弱第一个人
B. A conventional landscape generally requires a much greater expenditure on fertilizer and herbicide than does a water-conserving landscape. 在说节水型美化比较省钱，除了省水费还能省肥料和除草剂等开支，所以加起来省的就比改造用的多了。
C. A significant proportion of the residents of the city live in buildings that do not have yards. 与文章无关，不在讨论范围。反对前提。
D. It costs no more to put in water-conserving landscaping than it does to put in conventional landscaping. Slightly support the criticism
E. Some homeowners use more water to maintain their yards than they use for all other purposes combined. [B]无关作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:03
GWD-5-Q13:
It is true of both men and women that those who marry as young adults live longer than those who never marry. This dose not show that marriage causes people to live longer, since, as compared with other people of the same age, young adults who are about to get married have fewer of the unhealthy habits that can cause a person to have a shorter life, most notably smoking and immoderate drinking of alcohol.
不是marriage而是fewer unhealthy habits是早结婚的人活得更长
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?
A. Marriage tends to cause people to engage less regularly in sports that involve risk of bodily harm.
B. A married person who has an unhealthy habit is more likely to give up that habit than a person with the same habit who is unmarried.削弱了结论说是marriage是早结婚的人活得更长。仔细阅读题目
C. A person who smokes is much more likely than a nonsmoker to marry a person who smokes at the time of marriage, and the same is true for people who drink alcohol immoderately.
D. Among people who marry as young adults, most of those who give up an unhealthy habit after marriage do not resume the habit later in life.
E. Among people who as young adults neither drink alcohol immoderately nor smoke, those who never marry live as long as those who marry.[E]只要没有不良习惯结没结婚都获得一样长。就是在说，marriage不是理由。作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:04
GWD-5-Q26:
Healthy lungs produce a natural antibiotic that protects them from infection by routinely killing harmful bacteria on airway surfaces. People with cystic fibrosis, however, are unable to fight off such bacteria, even though their lungs produce normal amounts of the antibiotic. The fluid on airway surfaces in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis has an abnormally high salt concentration; accordingly, scientists hypothesize that the high salt concentration is what makes the antibiotic ineffective.
高盐度导致人们即使抗生素量正常也无法抵御病菌。
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the scientists’ hypothesis?
A. When the salt concentration of the fluid on the airway surfaces of healthy people is raised artificially, the salt concentration soon returns to normal.
B. A sample of the antibiotic was capable of killing bacteria in an environment with an unusually low concentration of salt. 但是没有证明如果浓度高该抗生样本就不能杀菌。原文比较高浓度和正常浓度，这里说低浓度无关。取非时高浓度的反面不是低浓度，而是正常浓度。但是存在某件事的反面是不存在某件事。
C. When lung tissue from people with cystic fibrosis is maintained in a solution with a normal salt concentration, the tissue can resist bacteria. 通过浓度降到NORMAL便有杀菌作用来SUPPORT高浓度便不起杀菌作用。异因异果加强
D. Many lung infections can be treated by applying synthetic antibiotics to the airway surfaces.
E. High salt concentrations have an antibiotic effect in many circumstances.[C]作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:04
GWD-6-Q14**:
Political Advertisement:
Mayor Delmont’s critics complain about the jobs that were lost in the city under Delmont’s leadership. Yet the fact is that not only were more jobs created than were eliminated, but the average pay for these new jobs has been higher than the average pay for jobs citywide every year since Delmont took office. So there can be no question that throughout Delmont’s tenure the average paycheck in this city has been getting steadily bigger.
PN+PO-PE. PN 比平均工资高，PE若也比平均工资高，减少证明力度。
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument in the advertisement?
A. The average pay for jobs created in the city during the past three years was higher than the average pay for jobs created in the city earlier in Mayor Delmont’s tenure.
B. Average pay in the city was at a ten-year low when Mayor Delmont took office.
C. Some of the jobs created in the city during Mayor Delmont’s tenure have in the meantime been eliminated again.
D. The average pay for jobs eliminated in the city during Mayor Delmont’s tenure has been roughly equal every year to the average pay for jobs citywide. 注意这种相等不变的词在加强题里很可能是答案。（该题也出过assumption题，同答案）
E. The average pay for jobs in the city is currently higher than it is for jobs in the suburbs surrounding the city.
原文用两个证据more jobs created 和new jobs has been higher than the average 去证明结论average paycheck has been getting steadily bigger。如果取消的工作也比平均工资高，那末原文的第二个证据对结论的证明力就减少。D排除这种情况。所以加强了第二个证据对结论的证明力。故为选项
A是将市长D的成绩和其后来的比，而原文是和其前期的比。注意A的意思earlier in Mayor Delmont’s tenure。是拿过去三年和更早（比过去三年早）的市长D的任期比。所以无关作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:04
GWD-6-Q15:
Capuchin monkeys often rub their bodies with a certain type of millipede. Laboratory tests show that secretions from the bodies of these millipedes are rich in two chemicals that are potent mosquito repellents, and mosquitoes carry parasites that debilitate capuchins. Some scientists hypothesize that the monkeys rub their bodies with the millipedes because doing so helps protect them from mosquitoes.
Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the scientists’ hypothesis?
A. A single millipede often gets passed around among several capuchins, all of whom rub their bodies with it.
B. The two chemicals that repel mosquitoes also repel several other varieties of insects.
C. The capuchins rarely rub their bodies with the millipedes except during the rainy season, when mosquito populations are at their peak.
D. Although the capuchins eat several species of insects, they do not eat the type of millipede they use to rub their bodies.
E. The two insect-repelling chemicals in the secretions of the millipedes are carcinogenic for humans but do not appear to be carcinogenic for capuchins.作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:04
GWD-6-Q33**:
Crowding on Mooreville’s subway frequently leads to delays, because it is difficult for passengers to exit from the trains. Subway ridership is projected to increase by 20 percent over the next 10 years. The Metroville Transit Authority plans to increase the number of daily train trips by only 5 percent over the same period. Officials predict that this increase is sufficient to ensure that the incidence of delays due to crowding does not increase.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest grounds for the officials’ prediction?
A. By changing maintenance schedules, the Transit Authority can achieve the 5 percent increase in train trips without purchasing any new subway cars.
B. The Transit Authority also plans a 5 percent increase in the number of bus trips on routes that connect to subways.
C. For most commuters who use the subway system, there is no practical alternative public transportation available.
D. Most of the projected increase in ridership is expected to occur in off-peak hours when trains are now sparsely used.
E. The 5 percent increase in the number of train trips can be achieved without an equal increase in Transit Authority operational costs.作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:05
GWD-7-Q14:
Certain politicians in the country of Birangi argue that a 50 percent tax on new automobiles would halt the rapid increase of automobiles on Birangi’s roads and thereby slow the deterioration of Birangi’s air quality. Although most experts agree that such a tax would result in fewer Birangians buying new vehicles and gradually reduce the number of automobiles on Birangi’s roads, they contend that it would have little impact on Birangi’s air-quality problem.
征对新车增加50%的税可以减少路上车辆但不会减少空气污染。
Which of the following, if true in Birangi, would most strongly support the experts’ contention about the effect of the proposed automobile tax on Birangi’s air-quality problem?
A. Automobile emissions are the largest single source of air pollution.
B. Some of the proceeds from the new tax would go toward expanding the nonpolluting commuter rail system.
C. Currently, the sales tax on new automobiles is considerably lower than 50 percent.
D. Automobiles become less fuel efficient and therefore contribute more to air pollution as they age.
E. The scrapping of automobiles causes insignificant amounts of air pollution.作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:05
GWD-9-Q14:
The Eurasian ruffe, a fish species inadvertently introduced into North America’s Great Lakes in recent years, feeds on the eggs of lake whitefish, a native species, thus threatening the lakes’ natural ecosystem. To help track the ruffe’s spread, government agencies have produced wallet-sized cards about the ruffe. The cards contain pictures of the ruffe and explain the danger they pose; the cards also request anglers to report any ruffe they catch.
R吃当地的白鱼----威胁生态
Which of the following, if true, would provide most support for the prediction that the agencies’ action will have its intended effect? 措施有效性。
A. The ruffe has spiny fins that make it unattractive as prey.
B. Ruffe generally feed at night, but most recreational fishing on the Great Lakes is done during daytime hours.
C. Most people who fish recreationally on the Great Lakes are interested in the preservation of the lake whitefish because it is a highly prized game fish.
D. The ruffe is one of several nonnative species in the Great Lakes whose existence threatens the survival of lake whitefish populations there.
E. The bait that most people use when fishing for whitefish on the Great Lakes is not attractive to ruffe.[C]
A的意思为RUFFE不是好猎物。和原文预测无关。C说在G湖的钓鱼的多数人喜欢钓WHITEFISH。又因为RUFFE以WHITEFISH的蛋为食，所以WHITEFISH多的地方RUFFE也一定多，这样钓到RUFFE的可能性就很大，跟踪RUFFE的行踪的目标更易达到，所以支持预测。C：多数在G湖钓鱼娱乐的人喜欢保存W鱼，因为这种鱼可用于奖金很高的鱼游戏。B说R鱼晚上才FEED，而钓鱼者在白天钓鱼，而R鱼FEED时会在W鱼附近。那钓鱼者岂不更不知其踪影。作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:06
GWD-9-Q37:
Researchers took a group of teenagers who had never smoked and for one year tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. Those who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were four times as likely to be depressed at the study’s end than those who did not begin smoking. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.抽烟引起情绪低落
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Participants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed. 排除他因，因果倒置：沮丧的人不比不沮丧的人更容易吸烟,也就是说，大家吸烟的机会是平等的,在平等的情况下，可以推出吸烟让人沮丧.如果沮丧的人更愿意吸烟,那他们做比较的前提就不相等了.
B. Participants who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were no more likely than those who began midway through to have quit smoking by the study’s end.（无关项）
C. Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of other participants. （无关项）
D. Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the year of the study. （无关项）
E. The researchers did not track use of alcohol by the teenagers. （无关项）作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:21
GWD-9-Q38:
In January of last year the Moviemania chain of movie theaters started propping its popcorn in canola oil, instead of the less healthful coconut oil that it had been using until then. Now Moviemania is planning to switch back, saying that the change has hurt popcorn sales. That claim is false, however, since according to Moviemania’s own sales figures, Moviemania sold 5 percent more popcorn last year than in the previous year.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument against Moviemania’s claim?
A. Total sales of all refreshments at Moviemania’s movie theaters increased by less than 5 percent last year. 总销售增加不到5%，而P的销售增加了5%说明P的销售特别好。
B. Moviemania makes more money on food and beverages sold at its theaters than it does on sales of movie tickets.
C. Moviemania’s customers prefer the taste of popcorn popped in coconut oil to that of popcorn popped in canola oil.
D. Total attendance at Moviemania’s movie theaters was more than 20 percent higher last year than the year before.
E. The year before last, Moviemania experienced a 10 percent increase in popcorn sales over the previous year.削弱。前几年的销售增额大于去年的作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:21
GWD-10-Q9:
Although exposure to asbestos is the primary cause of mesothelioma, a slow-developing cancer, researchers believe that infection by the SV40 virus is a contributing cause, since in the United States 60 percent of tissue samples from mesotheliomas, but none from healthy tissue, contain SV40. SV40 is a monkey virus; however, in 1960 some polio vaccine was contaminated with the virus（SV40）. Researchers hypothesize that this vaccine was the source of the virus found in mesotheliomas decades later.
SV40----Polio vaccine----mesothelioma
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the researchers’ hypothesis?
A. SV40 is widely used as a research tool in cancer laboratories.
B. Changes in the technique of manufacturing the vaccine now prevent contamination with SV40.
C. Recently discovered samples of the vaccine dating from 1960 still show traces of the virus.
D. In a small percentage of cases of mesothelioma, there is no history of exposure to asbestos.
E. In Finland, where the polio vaccine was never contaminated, samples from mesotheliomas do not contain SV40. 异因异果加强
Answer:E作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:21
GWD-10-Q14***:
Yeasts capable of leavening发酵 bread are widespread, and in the many centuries during which the ancient Egyptians made only unleavened bread, such yeasts must frequently have been mixed into bread doughs生面团 accidentally. The Egyptians, however, did not discover leavened bread until about 3000 B.C. That discovery roughly coincided with the introduction of a wheat variety that was preferable to previous varieties because its edible可食用的 kernel could be removed from the husk 壳without first toasting烤 the grain.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest evidence that the two developments were causally related? 证明因果关系
A. Even after the ancient Egyptians discovered leavened bread and the techniques for reliably producing it were well known, unleavened bread continued to be widely consumed.
B. Only when the Egyptians stopped the practice of toasting grain were their stonelined grain-toasting pits available for baking bread.
C. Heating a wheat kernel destroys its gluten, a protein that must be present in order for yeast to leaven bread dough.加热使酵母失效。过去toast----破坏gluten----不能发酵。现在由于新引进Wheat----不用toast----不破坏gluten----可以发酵了。
D. The new variety of wheat, which had a more delicate flavor because it was not toasted, was reserved for the consumption of high officials when it first began to be grown.
E. Because the husk of the new variety of wheat was more easily removed, flour made from it required less effort to produce.
Answer: B C
古埃及人制作面包方法的变更，原来是先烤谷物，去掉内核，制作成面包，（要不然的话，面包里面有很多硬壳，就不好吃了），后来发现了用酵母发酵的方法制作面包。题干问能够支持这种变化是因果关系的论据？
小麦烤了后，它里面含有一种在发酵过程中必须起作用的蛋白质的面筋也被破坏掉了。也就是说，新的小麦品种，因为不用烤就去了壳，这种面筋含有的蛋白质在发酵过程中开始发挥作用，所以面团可以发酵了，也不是以前死面dough那样了。所以C建立了这样一种causally related的关系。作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:21
GWD-12-Q11***（排除法）
In general, jobs are harder to get in times of economic recession because many businesses cut back operations. However, any future recessions in Vargonia will probably not reduce the availability of teaching jobs at government-funded schools. This is because Vargonia has just introduced a legal requirement that education in government-funded schools be available, free of charge, to all Vargonian children regardless of the state of the economy, and that current student-teacher ratios not be exceeded.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. The current student-teacher ratio at Vargonia’s government-funded schools is higher than it was during the most recent period of economic recession.（无关猜测）
B. During recent periods when the Vargonian economy has been strong, almost 25 percent of Vargonian children have attended privately funded schools, many of which charge substantial fees.（异因异果： 经济好的时候，25%学生去私立学校，经济不好的时候，这些学生更可能去公立学校。造成学生--教师ratio更大，因此需要的老师也更多）
C. Nearly 20 percent more teachers are currently employed in Vargonia’s government-funded schools than had been employed in those schools in the period before the last economic recession. （无关猜测）
D. Teachers in Vargonia’s government-funded schools are well paid relative to teachers in most privately funded schools in Vargonia, many of which rely heavily on part-time teachers.（无关比较）
E. During the last economic recession in Vargonia, the government permanently closed a number of the schools that it had funded.（反前提）作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:25
GWD-13-Q31:
By competing with rodents for seeds, black ants help control rodent populations that pose a public health risk. However, a very aggressive species of blank ant, the Loma ant, which has recently invaded a certain region, has a venomous sting that is often fatal to humans. Therefore, the planned introduction into that region of ant flies, which prey on Loma ants, would benefit public health.
对公众健康好的：Black Ants
对公众健康不好的：Rodent， Loma ant
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Ant flies do not attack black ants other than Loma ants.（因为两种都是蚁类，所以一定要立下这个假设，如果不成立会weaken）
B. Loma ants are less effective than many bird species in competing with rodents for seeds.（weaken）
C. Certain other species of black ants are more effective than Loma ants in competing with rodents for seeds.（无关）
D. The sting of Loma ants can also be fatal to rodents.（看似支持，但非必要，因为就算假设不成立，也不影响原命题，这只是个附加条件）
E. The use of pesticides to control Loma ants could have harmful effects on the environment.（无关）作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:25
GWD-13-Q40:
In response to viral infection, the immune systems of mice typically produce antibodies that destroy the virus by binding to proteins on its surface. Mice infected with a herpesvirus generally develop keratitis, a degenerative disease affecting part of the eye. Since proteins on the surface of cells in this part of the eye closely resemble those on the herpesvirus surface, scientists hypothesize that these cases of keratitis are caused by antibodies to herpesvirus.
Which of the following, if true, gives the greatest additional support to the scientists’ hypothesis?
A. Other types of virus have surface proteins that closely resemble proteins found in various organs of mice.（无关）
B. There are mice that are unable to form antibodies in response to herpes infections, and these mice contract herpes at roughly the same rate as other mice. （无关）
C. Mice that are infected with a herpesvirus but do not develop keratitis produce as many antibodies as infected mice that do develop keratitis. （无关）
D. There are mice that are unable to form antibodies in response to herpes infections, and these mice survive these infections without ever developing keratitis.异因异果加强：因为不分泌抗菌素，所以不生角膜炎）
E. Mice that have never been infected with a herpesvirus can sometimes develop keratitis. （无关）作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:26
Q 22: 调查类
Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not
require surgery, are given follow-up x-rays because their orthopedists
are concerned about possibly having misjudged the stability of the frac-
ture. When a number of follow-up x-rays were reviewed,（抽样调查） however, all
the fractures that had initially been judged stable were found to have
healed correctly. Therefore, it is a waste of money to order follow-up
x-rays of ankle fracture initially judged stable.
通常由于整形医师被认为对骨折的Stability有误诊现象，所以有踝骨折的病人会给与follow-up-rays。
检查A number of Follow-up-rays，发现已开始被诊断为Stable的骨折都愈合得很好。所以给与一开始就被诊断为Stable的病人Follow-up-rays是在浪费钱。
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Doctors who are general practitioners rather than orthopedists are
less likely than orthopedists to judge the stability of an ankle frac-
ture correctly. （无关）
B. Many ankle injuries for which an initial x-ray is ordered are revealed
by the x-ray not to involve any fracture of the ankle. （无关）
C. X-rays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several
hospitals were reviewed.（强调样本采样随机，有结果代表性）
D. The healing of ankle fractures that have been surgically repaired is
always checked by means of a follow-up x-ray. （无关）
E. Orthopedists routinely order follow-up x-rays for fractures of bone
other than ankle bones. （无关）
1。原文推理应该是：因为很多FOLLOW-UP的X-RAY发现所有被诊断为（不是一开始的X-RAY）STABLE骨折的都愈合的很好。所以对这种骨折FOLLOW-UP的X-RAY不必要。
2。B不是答案。因为你说的推理的原因是开始X-RAY为STABLE的骨折的的情况。而B是说很多INJURIES，不一定是STABLE的，更不是骨折FRACTURES。
答案C：这些follow-up x-rays 来之于很多不同医院的不同医生的病人。即原文REVIEW的例子有代表性。能说明问题，即说明初诊断为stable骨折的都愈合得好，所以follow-up x-rays 其实是不必要的。作者: xiongbaobao 时间: 2010-10-20 15:26
14
In 1983 Argonia’s currency, the argon, underwent a reduction in value relative to the world’s strongest currencies. This reduction resulted in a significant increase in Argonia’s exports over 1982 levels. In 1987 a similar reduction in the value of the argon led to another increase in Argonia’s exports. Faced with the need to increase exports yet again, Argonia’s finance minister has proposed another reduction in the value of the argon.
本币贬值----出口增加。
重复操作
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that the finance minister’s plan will not result in a significant increase in Argonia’s exports next year?（支持反论——不是一定支持原文论点的，小心陷井）
A. The value of the argon rose sharply last year against the world’s strongest currencies.
B. In 1988 the argon lost a small amount of its value, and Aronian exports rose slightly in 1989.
C. The value of Argonia’s exports was lower last year than it was the year before.
D. All of Argonia’s export products are made by factories that were operating at full capacity last year, and new factories would take years to build.方案不可行。就算想增加也没有能力增加了
E. Reductions in the value of the argon have almost always led to significant reductions in the amount of goods and services that Argonians purchase from abroad.
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