GWD3-Q39:
Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride.
A. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,
B. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, they cost less,
C. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, in comparison with most sport utility vehicles, and have a lower cost, they
D. Minivans, carrying as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,
E. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles the cost is lower, and they
A 句子前后表达两层意思：前面简单陈述，后面比较，所以要用and连接。
compared with most sport utility vehicles做后面成分的状语
D carrying as many as seven passengers把原文的主要成分变成了修饰成分。
一个主语后面有两个状语
似乎GMAT不喜欢一个主语后面跟两个修饰成分或者主语前后各有一个从句
GWD3-Q10:
Antarctica receives more solar radiation than does any other place on Earth, yet the temperatures are so cold and the ice cap is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise, the water levels of the oceans would rise 250 feet and engulf most of the world’s great cities.
A. is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise,
B. is so reflective that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; were it to do so,
C. so reflective that little polar ice melts during the summer, or else
D. reflective, so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer, or
E. reflects so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; if it did
A：little有歧义。是“很少”而不是“小的”
前面是so cold，后面用so reflective，然后接that比较合理。
were it to do so还原：if it were to do so.
这里的do 是指代前面的哪个动词？？
应该是if the polar ice were to melt during the summer作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:03
GWD3-Q22:
On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold gold in the form of bullion or coins, immigrants found that on arrival in the United States they had to surrender all of the gold they had brought with them.
A. On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold
B. With a law passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold
C. A law passed in 1933 that made it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen holding
D. Because of a law passed in 1933 making it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold
E. Due to a law being passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold
A US citizen，应该用单数。
Make it +adj+to do
Ing比that从句简洁
On account of：because of sth else, esp a problem or difficulty
B,with引导的独立主格结构，that从句被passed in 1933与a law分割开
C也有同样的问题，且前半个分句与后面的主句没有体现出逻辑关系。作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:03
GWD1-Q7:
A recent review of pay scales indicates that CEO’s now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times in 1980.
A. that CEO’s now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times
B. that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, a ratio that compares to 42 times
C. that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
D. CEO’s who now earn on average 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
E. CEO’s now earning an average of 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, compared to the ratio of 42 times
此题的意思是陈述CEO现在的收入，earn是谓语，419 times the pay of blue-collar workers是宾语，the pay of blue-collar workers是类似于修饰成分的一个参照对象，而不是比较。as compared to前后表示比较，比较的真正对象是“现在的倍数”和“从前的倍数”
Compare应该是被动。被比较而不是自己比较。
有宾语要补出助动词，排除A
Compare是被动，排除B
比较对象不对等，排除D
句子结构不完整，排除E
As compared to是正确用法。但是as……as compared to 就不对了，会造成语义重复作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:04
GWD1-Q32:
To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.
A. have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
B. have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
C. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
D. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
E. would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economical
应为economic而不是economical（GMAT常见混淆）
本题的would的用法：used when talking about a possible situation that you imagine or want to happen.
To develop表目的。Demographers可能为了达成目的这样做，也有可能不做，所以有不确定性。
To dot 不定式在GMAT中表示未来，既然是未来，就还没有发生，所以有不确定性，用would作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:04
GWD5-Q1:
So dogged were Frances Perkins’ investigations of the garment industry, and her lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, Alfred E. Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt recruited Perkins to work within the government, rather than as a social worker.
• and her lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent,
• and lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, so that
• her lobbying for wage and hour reform persistent, that
• lobbying for wage and hour reform was so persistent,
• so persistent her lobbying for wage and hour reform, that
So dogged were her investigations of the garment industry, so persistent her lobbying for wage and hour reform, that she was first recruited by Gov.
解释一下划线部分倒装后and 和系动词省略的问题：这里并没有省略。无论是不是倒装结构，这里都不能有and和系动词。因为划线部分必须是一个倒装的独立主格，否则就会造成一个病句。
这道题里面的句子太长，我用一个简单的句子说明：Her smile is so beautiful, and her voice is so nice, that I am totally lost.
注意这是一个病句， 因为so...that句型中，that前面是不能有逗号的。如果想让这个so that结构成立的话，划线部分必须改成独立主格。
Her smile is so beautiful（, her voice so nice,） that I am totally lost.
因为我们可以把独立主格连同其前后2个逗号一起拔掉分析句子，所以这个句子的so that 结构就是完整的。作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:04
Q18: GWD-4-4
A new hair-growing drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, as the drug’s maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.
• as
• than
• that
• of what
• at which
A new hair-growing drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, that the drug’s maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.
此处that是承接前面的price，解释price，is being sold是主句的谓语，price类似于修饰成分，此句是陈述而非比较。
我后来又琢磨了一下，highlight的部分补充为 for three times as high as the price that the drug's maker charges for 就更清楚了，that引导同位语从句修饰price
So, it is definitely C
That是最为简洁明确的表达
“that” correct: this sentence is not a comparative(three times is followed by a noun, so it is already complete as a comparative) so the second sentence is simply a relative clause. e.g “she is three times as beautiful as the other girl” (this sentence is a comparative) “i bought this one for three times the price that i bought the other one ” (relative clause) “she has three times the beauty(noun) that the other girl has”作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:05
GWD6-Q41:
The greatest road system built in the Americas prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles long and extending from northern Ecuador through Peru to Southern Chile.
• Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles long and extending
• Columbus was the Incan highway, over 2,500 miles in length, and extended
• Columbus, the Incan highway, which was over 2,500 miles in length and extended
• Columbus, the Incan highway, being over 2,500 miles in length, was extended
• Columbus, the Incan highway was over 2,500 miles long, extending
GWD6-Q27:
The results of two recent unrelated studies support the idea that dolphins may share certain cognitive abilities with humans and great apes; the studies indicate dolphins as capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often considered a sign of self-awareness—and to grasp spontaneously the mood or intention of humans.
• dolphins as capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often considered a sign of self-awareness—and to grasp spontaneously
• dolphins’ ability to recognize themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often considered as a sign of self-awareness—and of spontaneously grasping
• dolphins to be capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often considered a sign of self-awareness—and to grasp spontaneously
• that dolphins have the ability of recognizing themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often considered as a sign of self-awareness—and spontaneously grasping
• that dolphins are capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often considered a sign of self-awareness—and of spontaneously grasping
1 ability to do
capable of doing sth
2 平行结构中，介词of不可省
3 consider to do
Consider that
没有consider as的搭配
E作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:06
GWD7-Q4:
Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—less than those killed by bee stings.
• movies—less than those
• movies—fewer than have been
• movies, which is less than those
• movies, a number lower than the people
• movies, fewer than the ones
1 表示人数多少用few, fewer
2 人只能和人比，不能和数比
3 时态对应：have been对应have been.
4 GMAT中指代一般不用one和ones,此处直接省略了指代
5 原文中killed做动词，选项中对应也应该是动词，而不是形容词。作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:06
GWD7-Q15:
The city has proposed a number of water treatment and conservation projects the cost of which raises water bills high enough so that even environmentalists are beginning to raise alarms.
• the cost of which raises water bills high enough so that
• at a cost raising water bills so high that
• at a cost which raises water bills high enough so
• whose cost will raise water bills so high that
• whose cost will raise water bills high enough so that
1 cost用法：at a cost of 。用在此处含义也不对。“以牺牲……为代价……”
2 whose可以指代物。
3 还没发生，应该用将来时作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:07
GWD7-Q26:
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) had long been expected to announce a reduction in output to bolster sagging oil prices, but officials of the organization just recently announced that the group will pare daily production by 1.5 million barrels by the beginning of next year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output by a total of 500,000 barrels a day.
• year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output
• year, but only if the output of non-OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, is trimmed
• year only if the output of non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, would be trimmed
• year only if non-OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were trimming output
• year only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output
but 在此处语义重复且累赘
nations和includes不一致，排除D
主动优于被动，排除C
trim: reduce
E
if only…would:
used to mention an unlikely situation or event that you want to happen
eg: If only he would listen to me.
If only
1: used to express a strong wish, esp when you know what you want can not happen.
Eg: if only he had talked to her sooner!
If only I were not so tired!
2: used to give reason for sth, although you think it is not a good one.
Eg: media studies is regarded as a more exciting subject, if only because it is new.
Only if
表示“只有当……”，是if的用法之一，用在表示“将来有可能发生的情况下”，适用于条件状语的约束，即表示可能性很大的事用一般时态；不相信会发生，可能性较小的用过去时。此处表示发生的可能性较大比较符合逻辑。作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:13
GWD7-Q39:
Seldom more that 40 feet wide and 12 feet deep, but it ran 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal connected the Hudson River at Albany to the Great Lakes at Buffalo, providing the port of New York City with a direct water link to the heartland of the North American continent.
• Seldom more than 40 feet wide and 12 feet deep, but it ran 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal connected
• Seldom more than 40 feet wide or 12 feet deep but running 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal connected
• It was seldom more than 40 feet wide and 12 feet deep, and ran 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, but the Erie Canal, connecting
• The Erie Canal was seldom more than 40 feet wide or 12 feet deep and it ran 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, which connected
• The Erie Canal, seldom more than 40 feet wide and 12 feet deep, but running 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, connecting
GWD7-Q40:
Since February, the Federal Reserve has raised its short-term interest rate target five times, and because of the economy’s continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will be raised again in November.
• because of the economy’s continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will
• with the economy’s strength continuing, analysts predicted for weeks that the target
• because the economy continues strong, analysts predicted for weeks that the target would
• due to the economy’s continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target
• due to the fact of the economy’s continued strength, analysts predicted for weeks that the target will
A
Predict后面的预测内容还没有发生，要用will。
For weeks要用完成时表示持续了一段时间。
B: with 型独立主格,与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:
由“with＋宾语＋宾补”构成的复合结构，在句中可作状语，表示伴随。这一结构中的宾语补足语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当
B的主要问题是，with结构不能体现确定的因果关系。而此处需要确定的因果关系。
Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the
branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.
Continued: continuing to happen or exist for a long time, or happening many times作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:14
GWD-8-Q24:
A March 2000 Census Bureau survey showed that Mexico accounted for more than a quarter of all foreign-born residents of the United States, the largest share for any country to contribute since 1890, when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population was from Germany.
• the largest share for any country to contribute
• the largest share that any country has contributed
• which makes it the largest share for any country to contribute
• having the largest share to be contributed by any country
• having the largest share to have been contributed by any country
表示客观事实，用现在时
The largest share作为more than one quarter的同位语
很容易排除：since要用完成时
Have done不能作为Ing分词修饰成分作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:14
GWD-8-Q29:
Because of a similarity to dance, synchronized swimming—exhibition swimming in which the movements of one or more swimmers synchronize to a musical accompaniment—is sometimes called water ballet, especially in theatrical situations.
• of one or more swimmers synchronize to
• of one swimmer or more is synchronized with
• of one or more swimmers are synchronized with
• by one swimmer or more is synchronized to
• by one or more swimmers synchronize to
C
synchronize：to arrange two things to happen together
synchronize sth with sth
这题如果不知道synchronize的用法也应该可以做对
因为选项中又出现is synchronized，说明这是个动词，A选项的用法显然是不合理的。作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:15
GWD-8-Q41:
When drive-ins were at the height of their popularity in the late 1950’s, some 4,000 existed in the United States, but today there are less than one-quarter that many.
• there are less than one-quarter that many
• there are fewer than one-quarter as many
• there are fewer than one-quarter of that amount
• the number is less than one-quarter the amount
• it is less than one-quarter of that amount
as many=a number that is equal to another number
examples:
- They say the people of Los Angeles speak 12 languages and teach just as many in the schools.
- A great trip! We visited five countries in as many days.
Amount: a quantity of sth, such as time, money or other substance. Used to say how much of sth there is.
此处4000 drive-ins是可数的，不能用amount代替。
这题说明there be 不一定是错误选项！作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:15
• GWD-9-Q17:
• Unlike most other mergers in the utility industry, which have been driven by the need to save money and extend companies’ service areas, the merger of the nation’s leading gas and electric company is intended to create a huge marketing network for the utilities in question with states opening their utility markets to competition.
A. and electric company is intended to create a huge marketing network for the utilities in question with states opening
B. and electric companies are intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open
C. and electric companies are intended to create a huge network that will be marketing the utilities in question, with states opening
D. company and electric company are intending to create a huge marketing network for the utilities in question, with states opening
E. company and leading electric company is intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open
纠结：AE
Merger:合并
合并必然是两个公司合并，A中leading gas and electric company可以指一个公司，也可以指两个，语义混乱
as states open…表示伴随原因。
In question：the thing that is being discussed
此处用到了for marketing，说明for doing不一定绝对错误作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:18
• Q18: GWD-13-30
• For the first time in the modern era, non-Hispanic Whites are officially a minority in California, which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly there-quarters only a decade ago.
A. which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago
B. which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when it was nearly three-quarters
C. and that amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when they were nearly three-quarters
D. amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters a decade ago
E. amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from what it was a decade ago by nearly three-quarters
纠结：DE
amounting to修饰non-Hispanic Whites
amount to :加总的数值为……
由原文的意思，应该是“从原来的……减少”
E改变了原文意思，且it指代不明作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:19
• GWD-9-Q27:
• Scientists have identified an asteroid, 2000 BF19, that is about half a mile wide and, if it strikes Earth, it can do tremendous damage to part of the planet but probably not cause planetwide destruction.
A. and, if it strikes Earth, it can do tremendous damage to part of the planet but
B. and, if it would strike Earth, part of the planet could experience a tremendous amount of damage but it would
C. and that, if it were to strike Earth, could do tremendous damage to part of the planet but would
D. and that, if Earth is struck by it, can do part of the planet tremendous damage, but it would
E. and that, if it strikes Earth, it could experience a tremendous amount of damage but
纠结：AC
If引导虚拟语气，属于想象的场景
A中it累赘
两个that平行，都是修饰asteroid的。作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:19
• GWD-10-Q1.
• According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas.
A. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice
B. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who plan on practicing
C. minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing
D. it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other graduates will plan to practice
E. it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to practice
C 省略了（are likely）,即与前文相同的部分。
(1) 首先，如果选项A正确的话，那么为什么不是更加IDIOMATIC的下列形式：
minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates to plan to practice下面是一个与选项A高度类似的例子，用的是TO而非IN（所有阅读和逻辑中出现的类似结构中没有用IN的）：be likely to do sth
(D) People who visit a zoo in a given year are two times more likely to visit a pure aquarium that year than are people who do not visit a zoo.
(2) 其次，如果把IN理解为“在某一方面”，那么句子的前半部分就没有了下文：
minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates (in planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas)
minority graduates比other graduates更加什么呢？不知道！只知道在某个方面(in planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas)更可能。换句话说，“minority graduates are nearly four times more likely”并不是一个完整的表达，它必须要带宾语，而这个宾语只能由TO来引导。
当然，IN的例子也有，看下面的：
Although the concentration of atmospheric methane is more than two orders of magnitude lower than that of carbon dioxide, it cannot be ignored: the radiative properties of methane make it 20 times more effective, molecule for molecule, than carbon dioxide in absorbing radiant heat.
但是，这个例子中的前半部分在意思上是完整的，也就是the radiative properties of methane make it 20 times more effective本身能说得通，effective已经把所要表达的意思都完整地表达了。
(3) 最后再看三个as likely as的结构，后面一律跟TO。（这也间接地说明了more likely than … 后面要跟TO啊！）
Black Americans are, on the whole, about twice as likely as White Americans to develop high blood pressure. This likelihood also holds for westernized Black Africans when compared to White Africans.
(D) An MRI is just as likely as an angiogram to identify an arterial blockage.
(D) Legal principles are just as likely as legal rules to have terms that have both core and peripheral meanings.
n times more这个结构有歧义，一般不用的。
比如说，2 times more,可以理解为2倍，也可以理解为3倍。作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:19
• GWD-10-Q3
• For protection from the summer sun, the Mojave lived in open-sided, flat-topped dwellings known as shades, each a roof of poles and arrow weed supported by posts set in a rectangle.
A. each a roof of poles and arrowweed
B. each a roof of poles and arrowweed that are being
C. with each being a roof of poles and arrowweed
D. with roofs of poles and arrowweed to be
E. with roofs of poles and arrowweed that are
A的意思：每个都是一个屋顶和arrowweed的组合，是独立主格结构，解释前面的shades。
each 型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:
句子 + 复数名词结尾, each + 介词短语/形容词短语/-ed形式/-ing形式
E：with 型独立主格,与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:
with + n. + -ed/ing形式; with + n. + adj.; with + n. + 介词短语作状语修饰前一个分句的动作类型作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:20
• GWD-10-Q20
• In the mid-1970’s, since birds were overcome by pollution, and routinely falling from the sky above Los Angeles freeways, this prompted officials in California to devise a plan that reduced automobile emissions.
A. since birds were overcome by pollution, and routinely falling from the sky above Los Angeles freeways, this prompted officials in California to devise a plan that reduced
B. same as A
C. birds had been overcome by pollution and routinely fell from the sky above Los Angeles freeways, prompting officials in California to devise a plan that reduced
D. birds overcome by pollution routinely fell from the sky above Los Angeles freeways, prompting officials in California to devise a plan to reduce
E. birds overcome by pollution and routinely falling from the sky above Los Angeles freeways, were prompting officials in California to devise a plan to reduce
D：谓语动词：fell
prompting officials in California to devise a plan to reduce后置定语修饰前面整个句子。
是整个情况prompting officials，而不是只有birds.作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:20
• GWD-10-Q24
• For the last five years the Dutch economy has grown faster than Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained well below that of the other three countries.
A. Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained
B. have those of Britain, France, or Germany, and the unemployment rate remaining
C. have Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained
D. the economy of Britain, France, and Germany, with the unemployment rate that has remained
E. the economies of Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained
• GWD-10-Q37:GWD-11-26
• On Earth, among the surest indications of sunspot cycles are believed to be the rate that trees grow, as seen in the rings visible in the cross sections of their trunks.
A. On Earth, among the surest indications of sunspot cycles are believed to be the rate that trees grow
B. On Earth, among the surest indications of sunspot cycles are, it is believed, the rate of tree growth
C. On Earth, the rate at which trees grow is believed to be among the surest indications of sunspot cycles
D. Among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles, believed to be the tree growth rate
E. Among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles is believed to be the rate at which trees grow
the rate at which trees grow为后文as seen in the rings的修饰对象，修饰成分要接近修饰对象。
C的错误就在于把修饰对象错误的弄成了the surest indications of sunspot cycles作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:21
• GWD-12-Q19:
• Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
A. Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
B. An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.
C. An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.
D. Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.
E. Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
KEY：E～！
• GWD-24-Q 19:
• In archaeology, there must be a balance between explanation of the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and to promote respect for archaeological sites.
A. between explanation of the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and to promote
B. among explaining the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and promoting
C. between explaining the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and when promoting
D. among explaining the value and workings of archaeology, the revelation of the mysteries of past and present cultures, and to promote
E. between explaining archaeology’s value and workings, in the revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and in promoting
E的明显错误：explaining和workings不平行，the revealing和promoting不平行
among的三个对象：explaining，revealing，promoting
如果一开始认为应该是两个对象的比较，要用between…and，那么在发现这些选项都不对之后，要看一下among..这些一开始被排除的选项。作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:21
• GWD-24-Q 21:
• Nobody knows exactly how many languages there are in the world, partly because of the difficulty of distinguishing between a language and the sub-languages or dialects within it, but those who have tried to count typically have found about five thousand.
A. and the sub-languages or dialects within it, but those who have tried to count typically have found
B. and the sub-languages or dialects within them, with those who have tried counting typically finding
C. and the sub-languages or dialects within it, but those who have tried counting it typically find
D. or the sub-languages or dialects within them, but those who tried to count them typically found
E. or the sub-languages or dialects within them, with those who have tried to count typically finding
C中it指代不明
A：who have tried to count是修饰those的从句，have found是谓语作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:21
• GWD-24-38
• In January 1994 an oil barge ran aground off the coast of San Juan, Puerto Rico, leaking its cargo of 750000 gallons into the ocean, while causing the pollution of the city’s beaches.
A. leaking its cargo of 750000 gallons into the ocean, while causing the pollution of
B. with its cargo of 750000 gallons leaking into the ocean, and it polluted
C. and its cargo of 750000 gallons leaked into the ocean, polluting
D. while it leaked its cargo of 750000 gallons into the ocean and caused the pollution of
E. so that its cargo of 750000 gallons leaked into the ocean, and they were polluting.
while后面确实应该接句子，而while doing这个结构是有前提的，它是状语从句的省略形式，省略与前半句相同的主语和谓语。详见白勇P221
A的错误：leaking的宾语应该是气体，液体，而不能是cargo。Cargo应该是leak的主语。此处leaking做伴随状语，后面的while从句修饰ran，逻辑错误。应该是leak导致了pollute，且pollution of 没有pollute简洁。
这题从逻辑意思的合理性来解题
A leaking修饰ran，while causing与ran并列，表同时进行，没有正确的表达出leak和pollute之间的因果关系
B it指代不明。且with改变了句子的平行关系，也没有体现因果关系
C ，and连接两个独立的句子，polluting修饰leaked，正确体现了因果
D 没有体现因果
E 过去进行时错误作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:22
• T-3-Q2.
• As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing the bee to sustain a fatal injury.
A. As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing
B. As the heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes
C. Honeybee’s stinger, heavily barbed and staying where it is inserted, results in the fact that the act of stinging causes
D. The heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, and results in the act of stinging causing
E. The honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes
A：this不能指代句子
B：AS后没有相应的结果
D错误：stays和results平行，而原句是前者引起后者。
C：heavily barbed and staying where it is inserted修饰Honeybee’s stinger，results为谓语动词，没有体现出heavily barbed and staying where it is inserted和results in的因果关系
E：逻辑意思正确。LONGMAN中，result的词条里有固定搭配：with the result that
注意：这题说明修饰成分不能作为因果的一部分。因果必须是地位平等的两部分，即都是主句或都是修饰成分作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:22
• T-3-Q19.
• A Swiss government panel recommended that the country sell about half of its gold reserves and this raised fears of other countries that do the same and inundate the market.
A. reserves and this raised fears of other countries that
B. reserves, which, as a result, raised fears of other countries that
C. reserves, as a result, they feared that other countries would
D. reserves, with fears raised that other countries would
E. reserves, raising fears that other countries
这里的fears不是Swiss的，也不是其他国家的，而是普遍意义上的。
补全应该是raising fears that other countries should do the same and inundate the market.
Should 表推测，可省略？
Inundate是比喻用法，大量的黄金出售会“淹没”市场
A: this不能指代句子
B：后面的时态为过去时，与前面不一致
C：they没有指代对象
D的错误：with表伴随，句子的意思就变成了：recommended that和fears raised平行，而原句的意思应该是因为recommend，引起了fears。
且that other countries would应该紧跟fears
with独立主格结构的7种形式，列出如下。
一、句法结构
【结构一】 with ＋名词（代词）＋介词短语
例１ He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand．
他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。
【结构二】 with ＋名词（代词）＋形容词
例２ He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open．
他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
【结构三】with ＋名词（代词）＋副词
例３ With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year．
产量上升了60％, 公司又是一个好年景。
【结构四】 with ＋名词（代词）＋名词
例４ She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion．
她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。
【结构五】with ＋名词（代词）＋现在分词
例５ She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her．
她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。
【结构六】with ＋名词（代词）＋过去分词
例６“I think we can leave with our heads held high,” Eriksson said．
“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开，”艾里克松说。
【结构七】with ＋名词（代词）＋不定式
例７ With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry．
还有十分钟，你最好快一点。作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:22
• T-4-Q4
• Turning away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909 Selma Lagerlof was the novelist who became the first woman and was also the first Swedish writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.
A. Turning away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909 Selma Lagerlof was the novelist who became the first woman and was also the first Swedish writer to win
B. She turned away from literary realism and wrote romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, and novelist Selma Lagerlof in 1909 became the first woman as well as the first Swedish writer that won
C. Selma Lagerlof was a novelist who turned away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, and in 1909 she became the first woman in addition to the first Swedish writer winning
D. A novelist who turned away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, Selma Lagerlof became in 1909 the first woman and also the first Swedish writer to win
E. As novelist, Selma Lagerlof turned away from literary realism and wrote romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909 becoming the first woman and also the first Swedish write that won
C中，wining 可能只是修饰the first Swedish writer，则前面的the first woman单独出现，逻辑意思不合理
D：A novelist who turned away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden做同位语修饰Selma Lagerlof，要熟悉这种同位语放在句首的结构。
The first one to do sth
如果是doing，则变为修饰关系，而此处为主谓关系比较合理。作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:23
• T-4-Q12
• For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year.
A. providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing
B. providing them with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces
C. provided with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing
D. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces
E. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce
A: providing和milking平行,但是和to keep不平行,并且the farmer who takes care to keep them cool是条件状语,译为"对于那些照顾它们的农民",条件是”照顾它们的”,所以后面应该是will do。
E：cool，provided，milked都是keep后面跟的状态，三者平行作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:23
• T-4-Q39
• Five hundred million different species of living creatures have appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent of them vanishing.
A. Five hundred million different species of living creatures have appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent of them vanishing.
B. Nearly 99 percent of five hundred million different species of living creatures that appeared on Earth have vanished.
C. Vanished are nearly 99percent of the five hundred million different species of living creatures that appeared on Earth.
D. Of five hundred million different species of living creatures that have appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent of them have vanished.
E. Of the five hundred million different species of living creatures that have appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent have vanished.
A
如果是独立主格，则应该有with或者其他介词，只有N+adj句子结构不完整（错，是完整的）
B appeared和have vanished时态不搭配
C 时态都是过去时，表示现在都不存在了，也就是都vanish了，逻辑就不对了
D of 和of them重复
E：调整语序后：nearly 99 percent of the five hundred million different species of living creatures that have appeared on earth have vanished
因为现在还有1%是幸存的，所以应该用完成时表示曾经存在。
用the表示特指作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:23
• T-4-Q41 (大全987-73)
• Alaska regularly deposits some of its profits from the sale of oil into a special fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves.
A. fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves
B. fund, the intention of which is to sustain the state’s economy after they have exhausted their oil reserves
C. fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted
D. fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after exhausting its oil reserves
E. fund that they intend to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted
A：after the exhaustion of its oil reserves没有after oil reserves are exhausted简洁。
with+ intension+ to sustain....独立主格中不能加不定式
D：动名词多用于正在进行或频繁发生等情况，且这里的动名词逻辑主语不清。
C：intended to修饰fund作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:23
• T-9-Q17.
• Several financial officers of the company spoke on condition that they not be named in the press reports.
A. that they not be named
B. that their names will not be used
C. that their names are not used
D. of not having their names
E. of not naming them
后面接还原的时态作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:24
• T-9-Q27. 大全987-606
• Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity.
A. that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity
B. of producing and understanding it have revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity
C. by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity
D. by which it is produced and understood have revealed great complexity rather than underlying simplicity
E. by which one produces and understands it have revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity
• T-9-Q41. 987-830
• The spraying of pesticides can be carefully planned, but accidents, weather conditions that could not be foreseen, and pilot errors often cause much larger deposits of spray than they had anticipated.
A. weather conditions that could not be foreseen, and pilot errors often cause much larger deposits of spray than they had
B. weather conditions that cannot be foreseen, and pilot errors often cause much larger deposits of spray than
C. unforeseeable weather conditions, and pilot errors are the cause of much larger deposits of spray than they had
D. weather conditions that are not foreseeable, and pilot errors often cause much larger deposits of spray than
E. unforeseeable weather conditions, and pilot errors often cause much larger deposits of spray than they had
• 1. GWD-18-Q1
• The Arthritis Research Institute of America advises women of color that they have twice the likelihood to get osteoarthritis of the knee as do White women.
A. that they have twice the likelihood to get osteoarthritis of the knee as do White women
B. that they are twice as likely as White women to get osteoarthritis of the knee
C. that their likelihood of getting osteoarthritis of the knee is twice as much as White women
D. of being twice as likely as White women to get osteoarthritis of the knee
E. of having twice the likelihood of getting osteoarthritis of the knee as White women
advise: to tell someone about sth.
固定搭配：advise sb that…
Advise sb of sth 告诉某人某事
D的错误：of后面内容无逻辑主语作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:24
• 19. GWD-18-Q2
• According to findings derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the area of the brain in which a second or third language is stored depends on the age of the language learner; whereas each language occupies a distinct area of the brain in an adult learner, language areas overlap in a young child.
A. whereas each language occupies a distinct area of the brain in an adult learner,
B. whereas for adults each language occupies a distinct area of the brain and
C. each language occupies a distinct area of the brain when they are learned by an adult, while
D. each language in adults occupied a distinct area of the brain, while
E. each language occupying a distinct area of the brain for an adult learner, and
• 21. GWD17-Q21:
• Medicare, the United States government’s health insurance program for the elderly and disabled, covers the full cost of home health care, but not with other nonhospital services where 20 percent of the costs must be paid by beneficiaries.
A. but not with other nonhospital services where 20 percent of the costs must be paid by beneficiaries
B. but not of other nonhospital services, making beneficiaries pay 20 percent of the costs
C. but not of other nonhospital services, for which beneficiaries must pay 20 percent of the costs
D. which is unlike other nonhospital services in that 20 percent of the costs must be paid by beneficiaries
E. which is unlike other nonhospital services that make beneficiaries pay 20 percent of the costs
not of 与前文的cost of平行
B的错误：应该用情态动词表示“必须支付”，而不是用ing伴随状语表示已经支付的状态
C中which指代other nonhospital services
• 29. GWD17-Q29:
• Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) was unprecedented in its firsthand accounts of the indignities suffered by women and because it was eloquent and passionate in exposing and criticizing these indignities.
A. and because it was eloquent and passionate in exposing and criticizing
B. and in that it was eloquent and passionate when exposing and criticizing
C. as well as the eloquence and passion it had in exposing and criticizing
D. and in the eloquence and passion with which it exposed and criticized
E. but also its eloquent and passionate exposure and criticism of
in….and in…平行。
还原语序：exposed and criticized with the eloquence and passion作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:25
• 26. GWD-18-Q29
• The contractor and the engineer agree on the cause of the bridge failure, but both blame the other.
A. both blame the other
B. each blames the other
C. each blame the other person
D. both are blaming the other
E. each blames one another
B：each在这里应该是each one的省略形式。这样the other就是指除了one以外的另一个。
E：one another: each other
把这个意思带进去，则为：each blames each other。意思重复。作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:25
• 34: GWD-18-Q31
• Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950.
A. Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture
B. Between 1990 and 2000 the growth of the global economy was more than that during 10,000 years, from when agriculture began
C. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds that which had been for 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture
D. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds what it has been for 10,000 years, from when agriculture began
E. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeded what it did for the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture
Grow可以加more？
当然可以，More是adv！
排除法：B 10000 years应该加the
C that which累赘
DE：It指代错误作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:26
• 39. GWD21-Q39:
• Almost like clones in their similarity to one another, the cheetah species’ homogeneity makes them especially vulnerable to disease.
A. the cheetah species’ homogeneity makes them especially vulnerable to disease
B. the cheetah species is especially vulnerable to disease because of its homogeneity
C. the homogeneity of the cheetah species makes it especially vulnerable to disease
D. homogeneity makes members of the cheetah species especially vulnerable to disease
E. members of the cheetah species are especially vulnerable to disease because of their homogeneity
• 24. GWD25-Q24
• Although improved efficiency in converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it will stimulate demand by increasing supply and lowering prices, thereby boosting consumption.
A. in converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it will stimulate demand by increasing supply and lowering prices, thereby boosting
B. in converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, demand will be stimulated because of increasing supply and lowering prices, which boost
C. of converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it will stimulate demand by increasing supply and lowering prices, which boosts
D. of harvested trees being converted into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it will stimulate demand, because it will increase supply and lower prices, thereby boosting
E. when harvested trees are converted into wood products may reduce harvest rates, demand will be stimulated because of increasing supply and lowering prices, which boost
• 41. GWD-23-Q13
• Researchers hypothesize that granitic soil is the ideal construction material for the desert tortoise because it is not so hard that it makes burrowing difficult or so soft that it could cause tunnels to collapse.
A. so hard that it makes burrowing difficult or so soft that it could cause
B. hard enough to make burrowing difficult or soft enough as to cause
C. so hard as to make burrowing difficult or soft enough so it causes
D. as hard as to make burrowing difficult or as soft as to cause
E. too hard, making burrowing difficult, nor too soft, so as to cause
• 2. GWD-23-Q23
• After several years of rapid growth, the healthy care company became one of the largest health care providers in the metropolitan area, while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its payment to doctors and hospitals.
A. while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its payment to
B. while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business and fell months behind in its payment to
C. but then it proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its paying
D. but then proving unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in paying
E. but then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in paying
While: 1 used to emphasize the differences between two situations or activities
2 in spite of the fact that
此处要表示转折，while不合适
In doing sth
Paying doctors直接表达了 payment to doctors的意思，更简洁
总而言之，用最少的此传递最准确的意思！
C中，it 和its可以省略不要，完全不影响意思。相比较之下E比较简洁。
ing和名词的区别用法～！！！
刚一开始也以为ABC是缺少了was，但仔细看并不是，因为prove在这里与become一样是系动词，不需要was
（如果有was，就成了被动语态，在这里was是不可以省略，所以E就不正确了）。
该题从含义上理解，原句要表达的是转折含义，用but最恰当。
while只有对比含义，字典上如是说：used to contrast two things.(对比两件事物)而..., 然而...
所以AB是不对的。但是C又怎么解释呢？作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:27
• 20. GWD26-Q20
• In 1981 children in the United States spent an average of slightly less than two and a half hours a week doing household chores; by 1997 they had spent nearly six hours a week.
A. chores; by 1997 they had spent nearly six hours a week
B. chores; by 1997 that figure had grown to nearly six hours a week
C. chores, whereas nearly six hours a week were spent in 1997
D. chores, compared with a figure of nearly six hours a week in 1997
E. chores, that figure growing to nearly six hours a week in 1997
D中，compared with前面是spent，后面是a figure，不对等
By: before or not later than a particular time
表示1997年以前发生的事，所以要用过去完成时作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:28
• 37. GWD26-Q37
• Sound can travel through water for enormous distances, prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result of boundaries in the ocean created by water layers of different temperatures and densities.
A. prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result of
B. prevented from having its acoustic energy dissipated by
C. its acoustic energy prevented from dissipating by
D. its acoustic energy prevented from being dissipated as a result of
E. preventing its acoustic energy from dissipating by
分清前后因果
后文的its acoustic energy prevented from dissipating by boundaries in the ocean解释前面的Sound can travel through water for enormous distances作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:28
• 1. GWD-29-Q1
• More than fifty years after the Second World War, a number of African American soldiers were awarded ― some of them posthumously ― with the Congressional Medal of Honor, which was the nation’s highest military award, and which was long overdue in recognition of their outstanding bravery.
A. with the Congressional Medal of Honor, which was the nation’s highest military award, and which was long overdue in
B. with the Congressional Medal of Honor, the nation’s highest military award for long-overdue
C. the Congressional Medal of Honor, which was the nation’s highest military award, long-overdue in
D. the Congressional Medal of Honor, the nation’s highest military award for long-overdue
E. the Congressional Medal of Honor, the nation’s highest military award, in long-overdue
award sb sth./award sth to sb
recognition: public respect or thanks for sb’s work.
In recognition of sth
考点：固定搭配，插入语
be awarded 直接加名词，排除 A B
the nation’s highest military award 是 the Congressional Medal of Honor 的同位语结构，并非定语从句修饰；long over-due 是形容词，而非副词，因此直接修饰 recognition, 排除 C
in recognition of 是固定搭配，而且 the nation’s highest military award 同位语结构用一对逗号分隔更好，排除 D
所以选 E
两个固定搭配：
1.award sb. sth.
2.in recognition of st作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:28
• 15: GWD-29-Q7
• Until a few centuries ago, any large bones discovered in the fields or caves of Europe, now known to be large prehistoric animals, were usually assumed to be the remains of giants and were often displayed as curiosities in castles, palaces, town halls, churches, and monasteries.
A. now known to be large prehistoric animals, were usually assumed to be
B. presently known as from large prehistoric animals, were usually assumed as
C. bones now known to be those of large prehistoric animals, were usually assumed to be
D. bones known at present as of large prehistoric animals, were usually assumed as those of
E. currently known as those of large prehistoric animals, were usually assumed to be those of
known as : 作为......而出名,誉为;名为.
assume 只能是assume that or assume ....to be...
B有两个问题:
1.known的逻辑主语模糊,不如使用同位语bones...清晰;
2.known as后面的成分和前面不平行: N. known as from XX.
考点：逻辑主语。同位语。平行内容
C中to be 和to be是平行的作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:29
• 27: GWD-29-Q18
• In the early part of the twentieth century, many vacationers found that driving automobiles and sleeping in tents allowed them to enjoy nature close at hand and tour at their own pace, with none of the restrictions of passenger trains and railroad timetables or with the formalities, expenses, and impersonality of hotels.
A. with none of the restrictions of passenger trains and railroad timetables or with the
B. with none of the restrictions of passenger trains, railroad timetables, nor
C. without the restrictions of passenger trains and railroad timetables nor
D. without the restrictions of passenger trains and railroad timetables or with the
E. without the restrictions of passenger trains and railroad timetables or the
考搭配。
B/C错相同，必须neither...nor...
without表否定之意，用or连接without的两个内容。
如果前面用without或者with none，后面又说with，则会造成语义混乱。因此最优选项只能是E。
• The修饰 formalities, expenses, and impersonality。这一串是修饰 of hotels.作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:29
• 41. GWD28-Q41:
• During the eighteenth century, widespread changes in agriculture, known as the agrarian revolution, involving the large-scale introduction of enclosed fields, of new farming techniques and crops, and the substitution of commercial for subsistence farming.
A. revolution, involving the large-scale introduction of enclosed fields, of new farming techniques and crops, and
B. revolution, involved the large-scale introduction of enclosed fields and of new farming techniques and crops, and
C. revolution, which involved the large-scale introduction of enclosed fields and of new farming techniques and crops, and
D. revolution involved the large-scale introduction of enclosed fields, new farming techniques and crops, and of
E. revolution that involved the large-scale introduction of enclosed fields and new farming techniques and crops, and of
读懂意思很好做出选择
另外后面如果有介词的话，一定是同时有/同时无作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:29
• 16. GWD30-Q16:
• Researchers are using computer images to help surgeons plan difficult operations and to develop programs that will work for doctors and nurses in the same way that flight simulators do for pilots, letting medical personnel practice their techniques and test their reflexes before they ever see a patient.
A. plan difficult operations and to develop programs that will work for doctors and nurses in the same way that flight simulators do
B. plan difficult operations and develop programs to work for doctors and nurses the same way as with flight simulators
C. to plan difficult operations and to develop programs that will work for doctors and nurses like flight simulators
D. plan difficult operations and in developing programs to work for doctors and nurses the same way as flight simulators
E. to plan difficult operations and developing programs that will work for doctors and nurses like flight simulators do
找准平行的对象：to help surgeons和to develop programs平行。
但是更为精确的排除条件：in the same way前后要平行。N对N，句子对句子。
B的错误：to work for doctors and nurses是动作。as with flight simulators是N。不平行。
C的错误：如果说flight simulators for pilots是省略形式的话，补齐之后应该是：like flight simulators do for pilots, 而表示比较时，like不能接句子。
如果把flight simulators for pilots看成名词，则前面是that will work for doctors and nurses，是动作，前后不平行。作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:30
• 24. GWD31-24
• The proposed budget includes more than $1 billion in cuts that will shrink the police department through attrition, have halted some ambulance shifts, and have suspended plastic and glass recycling.
A. have halted some ambulance shifts, and have suspended
B. along with halts in some ambulance shifts, and suspending
C. as well as halted some ambulance shifts, and suspend
D. halt some ambulance shifts, and suspending
E. halt some ambulance shifts, and suspend
平行对象没有弄清楚。
平行看似简单，实际很多陷阱……
will shrink……，halt……, and suspend平行作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:30
• 30. GWD-31-Q30
• The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade
A. The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
B. It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
C. By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry’s cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
D. To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
E. The United States petroleum industry’s cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
排除：
A：句子的谓语是is projected，所以时间状语by the end of the decade修饰is projected，错误
B：by the end of the decade在It is estimated that引导的从句中，所以是修饰从句中的谓语，即will be。正确
C：同A
D：整个变成原因状语从句，意思变了，时间状语的错误依然存在
E：实际上还是一样的错误。
这一题很好的说明了GMAT对时间的重视！！
1 Project: to calculate what sth will be in the future, using the information you have now.
可以看作是estimate的近义。
2 cost的用法。the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations
3 by the end of the decade的位置不能产生歧义作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:30
• 36. 17. GWD25-Q17（原CD16-17）
• Until recently, the Inuit people led a nomadic existence, sheltering in igloos, the ice-block domes that are peculiar to north-central Canada, and in structures made of stones, bones, driftwood, and skins.
A. Until recently, the Inuit people led a nomadic existence, sheltering
B. During recent times, the Inuit people lead a nomadic existence, sheltering
C. In the times that are recent, the Inuit people led a nomadic existence, sheltered
D. Up until recently, the Inuit people, leading a nomadic existence, have sheltered
E. Until recent times, leading a nomadic existence, the Inuit people were sheltered
Until不一定接完成时。依照具体情况决定时态。
此处是“直到最近才不……”，也就是以前一直……，应该用过去时。
If sth happens until certain time, it continues and then stops at that time.
这里就是到最近已经stop了。所以原来的情况应该是过去时
考虑两方面：
1 until界定的时间点
2 shelter和lead到底谁是主要谓语，即谁解释谁。理论上应该是具体解释抽象。
D 中。Up until recently是正确的用法。但是后面也应该是过去时。理由同上。作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:31
• 37. GWD31-37
• In 1994 the white house named Dr RuthR. Faden chairperson of the federal advisory committee of experts they assigned to do a report on the history and ethics of the government’s radiation experiments on humans in the 1950’s and 1960’s .
A. they assigned to do
B. to be assigned doing
C. that was being assigned doing
D. assigned for doing
E. it assigned to do
assign: to give sb a particular job or make them responsible for a particular person or thing.
“it assigned to do a report on the history and ethics of the government’s radiation experiments on humans in the 1950’s and 1960’s .”做the federal advisory committee of experts的同位语，it指代the white house
ABC很好排除。
D：assign后面不能接for doing。只能接to do 或者sth.
这个从assign的含义也能看出来。Assign后面接的应该是任务，而不是目的。
E：同位语没有用逗号隔开的情况很少见，但此处说明这种情况也是存在的。
如果看到这种貌似是有两个主语的错误选项，要多想想是不是同位语作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:31
• 38. GWD31-38
• In1852 Robert Angus Smith published a detailed report of the chemistry of rain kin a large area around the city of Manchester, England, noting that the closer one came to town, the more the city air would become increasingly acidic.
A. that the closer one came to town, the more the city air would become increasingly acidic
B. that the city air became increasingly acidic the closer one came to town
C. that coming closer to town, the city air became increasingly acidic
D. that the more the city air became increasingly acidic, the closer one was to town
E. the city air becoming increasingly acidic as one would come closer to town
1 the more……the more……固定结构
2 第二个More修饰的是would become，而后面的increasingly acidic
是修饰become的，大概意思是，一个人越靠近town，这个town的空气就越有可能变的越来越acidic。More 强调可能性，increasingly修饰acidic的变化。二者不矛盾。作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:31
• Q16: TTGWD4-Q1:
• The Acoma and Hopi are probably the two oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both dating back at least a thousand years.
A. both dating
B. both of which have dated
C. and each has dated
D. and each one dating
E. each one of which date
date back at least a thousand years 修饰oldest
B用完成时不合适。也没有A简洁
And体现不出来修饰关系。
• Q28: TTGWD11-Q29:
• As Charles Darwin observed, natural selection operates whenever individuals of one genetic composition are better at reproducing than that of others.
A. that of others
B. the other
C. another
D. those of another
E. that of the next
• Q20: TTGWD4-Q30:
• Under high pressure and intense heat, graphite, the most stable form of pure carbon, changes into the substance commonly referred to as diamond and remaining this way whether or not the heat and pressure are removed.
A. remaining this way whether or not
B. remaining like that even as
C. remaining as such whether or not
D. remains in this way although
E. remains thus even when
D的错误：although做让步的时候，所接的应该是确切发生的事，即事实。但此处这个事实并不一定发生。并且in this way没有thus简洁。
而E中，when就解决了这个问题，因为这只是表达一种可能的情况，并没有一定发生的意思。
thus: remain in this manner or way
even when 是 即使，表让步
这里明显“即使”（让步）更合逻辑作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:32
• Q39P64
• Whereas the use of synthetic fertilizers has greatly expanded agricultural productivity in many parts of the world, an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers may accelerate soil structure deterioration and soil erosion.
A. an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers
B. an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, and if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, it
C. if these fertilizers are used increasingly, they can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and if used as substitutions for more traditional fertilizers, they
D. the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, while if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, this substitution
E. the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, while their substitution for more traditional fertilizers
substitution：substitution of A for B:用A替代B
C的错误：是increase use导致问题，而不是fertilizers本身。第二个they指代不明。且as substitutions也是错误的用法。Substitution是“替代的过程”而不是“替代品”作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:32
• Q2: PP68.
• The cottontail rabbit population in Orange County, California, has increased unchecked in recent years as a result of the removal of the native fox population and the clearing of surrounding woodlands.
A. years as a result of the removal of
B. years as a result of removing
C. years, resulting from the removing of
D. years, which is result of removing
E. years, which is a result of the removal of
Removal 是 remove 的名词形式,因此不用 the removing 表达 remove 的名词形式作者: Cassiopeia 时间: 2010-6-11 17:33
• GWD1-Q41:
Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.
• as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established
• as a method of the extraction of minerals well established
• was a well-established method of mineral extraction
• was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was
• had been a method of mineral extraction, well established
method都以同位语出现了 well established自然2边都可以修饰咯
本句是很经典的同位语长句。
Leaching (主语), the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines(同位语作插入语), was (谓语) a well-established method of mineral extraction as early as the eighteenth century, but(转折-代表后为完整的句子，而且but前面应该也为完整的句子，故B错) until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.
A中 Leaching, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established ， it 和 Leaching 冲突了
C和E的差异为时态，the eighteenth century 应该用过去时 （不要被后面句子中的not until误导）.作者: shlshing 时间: 2010-6-12 06:29
many thanks!!
欢迎光临 国际顶尖MBA申请交流平台--TOPWAY MBA (http://forum.topway.org/forum/)
P64