题号 原文 选项解释
6 Obviously,``` A,B support the conclusion
C是其他原因或可能导致该结果。
D,E can be eliminated
11 Therefore A ,E support
B weaken
C not weaken
不等于支持,但有点支持的偏向
D not weaken
18 ```will ``` A another factor which has been neglected
B irrelevant
D not weaken
C,E in the last year –irrelevant-future
21 Therefore A support
B,C,D irrelevant
24 Therefore, if```,```A a big weakness
B 根据客观性原则,我们只能推理前提,事后发生什么,我们不得而知
C,D,E irrelevant
26 类比 C 比较范围不同
27 So A,C irrelevant
B another factor which has been neglected
D not weaken
E support
32 Sb. argue that``` B not weaken
A,C,D irrelevant
E most is caused by another factor
40 Researchers discovered that```.
For that reason,``` A irrelevant-why
B irrelevant-other microorganisms
C weaken
D Support
E not weaken
47 A study reveals that`` D
逻辑区讨论:
结论:A -> B.
削弱:B -> A.
原文因果颠倒了
conclusion:
mismatched cycles -> bad marriage. Weaken:
bad marriage -> adopt different cycles.
因果关系要具备两个条件:一是事件发生的先后顺序;二是前面的一定为因,后面的一定为果(这和前提结论不同);
像137这样的题有一个共同特征:给出的前提中提到的两个事情不具有时间上的先后顺序,只是两个事件刚好同时发生,所以结论说A就是B的原因,这就违反了因果关系的条件一;因此这两个事件到底谁是因,谁是果,如果要说A是B的因,就得假设“B不是A的因”,要削弱就是“B是A的因”。
48 a clear indication that``` A,B,C,D irrelevant
50 Therefore, ```will``` A,B not weaken
D another factor which has been neglected
C,E irrelevant
54 used by forgers→
chemical bath
Therefore A ,D irrelevant
B not affect the argument
C是其他原因或可能导致该结果。
used by dealers and collectors→
chemical bath
E support作者: myice 时间: 2010-4-27 10:01
继续:
OG11th 紫皮
Support
题号 原文 选项解释
3 ```would``` A,E against
C ,D irrelevant
B support
31
69 对原文最后一句必须有精准的理解:
如果不促销,厂商会赚更多的利润
填补not holding promotions和Make profit推理之间的gap就是D B irrelevant
A,C
oppose that manufacturers could lose profit
D support that manufacturers could lose potential profit,更直接
E毕竟,在简短的促销其间赢得新顾客,对获利的影响是比较间接的作者: myice 时间: 2010-4-27 10:02
Assumption
题号 原文 选项解释
7 A researcher discovered that```.
The researcher concluded that```. D
题干首先给出一个现象,即:低IS(Immune System)和低MH(Mental Health)并存(注意此时没有因果关系,既不能从IS推出MH,也不能从MH推出IS)。题干给出结论:学者在二者之间建立了因果关系,即IS->MH
因为两种关联的现象并存,既有可能是IS导致MH,也可能是MH导致IS,而题干中赞成了IS导致MH,因此选项中需排除MH导致IS,所以应当选D项。
请注意D项实际上是题干结论的逆否命题,根据逻辑理论,原命题和逆否命题等价,因此必选逆否命题。这道题是十分典型的谨慎建立因果关系的题,在实践中,尤其是理科试验中也是很有用的。比如在有限空间中同时产生了温度升高和物体体积膨胀两个现象,不能立刻推知是温度升高导致了体积膨胀还是体积膨胀导致了温度升高。而假如体积膨胀并没有导致温度升高,那么即可推出是温度升高导致了体积膨胀。
A,B,E irrelevant
C protect≠total prevention
13 Therefore A,B,C irrelevant
D contradicts the 原文
E 前提是```
51
56
A,C,D,B irrelevant
题目中说的都是per capita income
和 per capita consumption,跟总人口数根本没关系
(我们应该少根据常识判断)
E 见OG书本注释作者: myice 时间: 2010-4-27 10:04
黄皮Weaken
题号 原文 选项解释
1 原文因果型:即原文给出两件事,然后得出结论说是一件事(因)导致另一件事(果) B是其他原因或可能导致该结果。
A,C,D,E support
3 A,E irrelevant
C,D support
B another factor has been ignored
10 Hospital’s usage→Novex effective painkiller A other pain –irrelevant - sinus pain
B,D irrelevant
E support
12 原文前提和结论关系不密切: 选项直接WEAKEN结论
15 原文首先给出一个现象,即:addicts和manipulate并存(注意此时没有因果关系,既不能从addicts推出manipulate,也不能从maniplate推出addicts)。
原文给出结论:研究者在二者之间建立了因果关系,即manipulate->addicts
因为两种关联的现象并存,而原文赞成了manipulate导致addicts,因此选项中需建立关系 addicts->manipulate,以weaken原文的结论。作者: myice 时间: 2010-4-27 10:04
17 原文因果型:
Bats are nocturnal animals→bats are feared and persecuted 选项割断因果:有因无果
或
有果无因。
Raccoon and owls are nocturnal animals →Raccoon and owls are not feared and persecuted
有果无因
A,E irrelevant
B,C not weaken
20 A the last five years – irrelevant – the recent one year
C.是其他原因或可能导致该结果。
B,E irrelevant
D the severity of the disease is irrelevant
27 注意结论的特殊性和具体性.
The drug can be obtained only from the bark of the ibora. D 原文显示因果关系的资料不准确。
A,B,E irrelevant
C support作者: myice 时间: 2010-4-27 10:05
The past → the future A the efficiency of providing services is irrelevant
B currently
C,D irrelevant
E weaken, not support
13,28 原文前提和结论关系不密切: 选项直接SUPPORT结论
26 A,C,D,E irrelevant
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