Q16:

Historian:  Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus.  Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques.  It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent.  Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics.  Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false.  A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however.  Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.

1. The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.
2. The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.
3. The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.
4. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian’s own position.（D）

    E.The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence

看了那九道句子作用题，自己做的时候还是没有什么把握啊，主要是不太明白选项的意思，还望指教

我是通过排除的。
A more cautious conclusion than this is called for。这个人应该是觉得Several

scholars的那个结论是不够cautious的，于是持批判态度。ABC就错了。而且第一个粗

体在结论的前面，起论据支持论点的作用。后一个粗体自然是这个人赞成的那个more

cautious的结论,而非前面他批判的结论证据的补充，E所以错了。
PS.这个题我读得比较晕，希望没理解错

恩，我基本明白了，我刚开始把题目中的那个this指代的对象搞错了，我以为是指

那个traditional的观点，那么从结构上来讲，d选项我可以理解