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标题: 新托福语法技巧:if,even if,whether,unless,but for [打印本页]

作者: Navy    时间: 2008-12-1 17:34     标题: 新托福语法技巧:if,even if,whether,unless,but for

even if(=even though即便)
  请比较下面两个例句:
  You must go tomorrow if you are ready.
  如果你准备好了,明天你必须走。
  You must go tomorrow even if you aren’t ready.
  哪怕你没有准备好,明天你也得走。
  
whether…or(=if…or是否)
  You must go tomorrow whether you are ready or not.
  无论你明天是否准备好了,你都必须走。
  unless+肯定动词(=if+否定动词除非)
  Unless you start at once you’ll be late.相当于:
  If you don’t start at once you’ll be late.
  除非你立即动身,否则你就会迟到。来源:考
  Unless you had a permit you couldn’t get a job.相当于:
  If you hadn’t a permit you couldn’t get a job.
  除非你有执照,否则你就找不到工作。
  注意下面两个例句间的区别:

  (a) Don’t call ′me if you need help.
  如果你需要帮助的话,别打电话找我。
  (b) Don’t call me unless you need help.
  除非你需要帮助否则别打电话找我。
  在例句(a)中,即使在对方需要帮助的时候,说话人也不愿意去帮助对方。在例句(b)中,在对方需要帮助的时候,说话人愿意帮助对方,但说话人不愿意对方在不要紧的时候打电话找自己。
  unless+he’d/you’d like/prefer等通常可用来代替 if he/you wouldn’t like等:
  I’ll ask Tom,unless you’d prefer me to ask/unless you’d rather I asked Bill.
  我去问汤姆,除非你宁愿叫我去问比尔。
  
but for(=if it were not for/if it hadn’t been for不然)
  My father pays me fees.But for that I wouldn’t be here.
  我父亲给我一笔补贴费。不然我就不会在这里了。
  The car broke down. But for that we would have been in time.
  汽车出毛病了。要不是那个我们会及时赶到的。
  
otherwise(=if this doesn’t happen/didn’t happen/hadn’t happened否则)
  We must be back before midnight; otherwise we’ll be locked out.
  我们必须在午夜之前赶回去,否则我们就会被锁在门外。相当于:
  If we are not back by midnight we’ll be locked out.
  如果我们不在午夜之前赶回去,我们就会被锁在门外。
  Her father pays her fees;otherwise she wouldn’t be here.
  她的费用是她的父亲付的,否则她就不会在这里。相当于:
  If her father didn’t pay her fees she wouldn’t be here.
  要是她的父亲不付她的费用,她就不会在这里了。
  I used my calculator; otherwise I’d have taken longer.
  我用了计算器,不然我花的时间就会更多。相当于:
  If I hadn’t used my calculator I’d have taken longer.
  要是我没用计算器,我花的时间就会更多。
  
在日常英语中 or(+else)可以代替 otherwise:
  We must be early or(else) we won’t get a seat.
  我们必须早去,否则就不会有座位了。
  
存在强烈的限制或约束的意思时,provided(that)可以代替if。它主要用来表示允许:
  You can camp here provided you leave no mess.
  你们如果保持整洁的话,可以在这里宿营。
  
suppose/supposing…?(=what if…?假如)
  Suppose the plane is late?相当于:
  What if/What will happen if the plane is late?
  假如飞机误点的话,将会出现什么情况?
  Suppose no one had been there?相当于:
  What if no one had been there?
  假如没有人去过那里的话,会怎么样?
  
suppose也可以引出建议:
  Suppose you ask him?/Why don’t you ask him?
  假如你问一问他呢?/你为什么不问一问他呢?






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