代词指代----我心中永远的痛

序:

复习语法一段时日, 并没有想象中的如渐佳境. 当建立起主谓一致, 逻辑统一, 平行对称……这些简单的概念之后, 面对代词指代这样的问题却越来越胆怯. 似乎进入了一个平台期-----做题越多却不见长进, 甚至越困惑.

Ford424在版里掀起了定语从句终级大讨论, 于是风云四起, 开始了不下一个星期的舌战. 感谢ford424让我不得不面对这个一直在回避的问题，令我意识到自己建立起来的思维体系在ETS面前是多么的不堪一击, 也感谢Aquarius死缠烂打的努力.

硬着头皮解决一直以来的疑惑, 疯狂搜索以前的帖子. 发现前辈早有类似的讨论, 且水平之高, 见地之深足以著书立说! 也许在你看来只不过是又一个性情中人的褒扬之词, 但我在键盘上敲打这些文字的时候真可谓念天地之悠悠, 独怆然而泣下……本该接着看书, 却百感交集, 不把这些智慧火花写出来与大家分享, 枉费先闲基业! 遂成此文.

正文:

熟读OG不难发现ETS对代词指代的规律也没有定论.

1. 有时指代中心词

OG119. Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.

(A) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of

(B) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business

(C) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of

(D) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business（B）

(E) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business

2. 有时就近指代

OG1.    The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce occurring when a child.

(A) occurring when a child

(B) occurring when children

(C) that occurred when a child

(D) that occurred when they were children (D)

(E) that has occurred as each was a child

3. 有时按逻辑意思指代

OG 114.  From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.

(A) baggage so light

(B) baggage being so light

(C) baggage, yet being so light

(D) baggage, and so light (E)

(E) baggage yet was so light

所以我们在思考的时候不妨运用以下三个方法:

1. 根据主谓一致

OG128. New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.

(A) requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties

(B) requirements by earlier high-yielding varieties of application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation

(C) requirements for application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation of earlier high-yielding varieties

(D) application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation that was required by earlier high-yielding varieties（E）

(E) irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties

2. 通过对A  OF  B 中的AB进行逻辑判断, 再决定是就近指代, 还是跳跃修饰

OG127.  In theory, international civil servants at the United Nations are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries from their own governments; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances for their employees’ paychecks, assigned by them to the United Nations.

(A) for their employees’ paychecks, assigned by them

(B) for the paychecks of their employees who have been assigned

(C) for the paychecks of their employees, having been assigned

(D) in place of their employees’ paychecks, for those of them assigned（B）

(E) in place of the paychecks of their employees to have been assigned by them

3. 根据上下文意思

OG71.  The original building and loan associations were organized as limited life funds, whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions, then taking turns drawing on the funds for home mortgages.

(A) subscriptions, then taking turns drawing

(B) subscriptions, and then taking turns drawing

(C) subscriptions and then took turns drawing

(D) subscriptions and then took turns, they drew（C）

(E) subscriptions and then drew, taking turns

指代问题是一个极其灵活的考点, 若能避开就避开, 通过其他考点判断. 若指代的错误是effectiveness的问题, 先不要用他来排除选项, 以免冤枉了好人. 总结的规律要通过搜索或是到版上与别人探讨以求印证.

跋:

走笔至此, 我已不敢再随便总结规律, 因为无论总结的时候多有把握, 之后不久又会被自己推翻.

登高而招，臂非加长也，而见者远；顺风而呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。

欲登巨人肩膀, 研读前人精华.