Whenever a major political scandal erupts before an election and voters blame the scandal on all parties about equally, virtually all incumbents, from whatever party, seeking reelection are returned to office. However, when voters blame such a scandal on only one party, incumbents from that party are likely to be defeated by challengers from other parties. The proportion of incumbents who seek reelection is high and remarkably constant from election to election.
If the voters’ reactions are guided by a principle, which one of the following principles would best account for the contrast in reactions described above?
(A) Whenever one incumbent is responsible for one major political scandal and another
incumbent is responsible for another, the consequences for the two incumbents should be the same.
(B) When a major political scandal is blamed on incumbents from all parties, that judgment
is more accurate than any judgment that incumbents from only on party are to blame.
(C) Incumbents who are rightly blamed for a major political scandal should not seek
reelection, but if they do, they should not be returned to office.
(D) Major political scandals can practically always be blamed on incumbents, but whether
those incumbents should be voted out of office depends on who their challengers
are.
(E) When major political scandals are less the responsibility of individual incumbents than of
the parties to which they belong, whatever party was responsible must be penalized when possible.
答案是E. 我觉得在E里存在一个隐藏的假设，the scandals that voters blame the scandal on all parties about equally are the responsiblility of individual incumbents。因为这个假设我觉得在题里面没说清楚，我觉得E也不是特别好的答案。请指教。
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